WITH THE RUSSIANS IN MONGOLIA
THE HU-TUK-TU OR LIVING BUDDHA, SPIRITUAL AND TEMPORAL
SOVEREIGN OF MONGOLIA
(Photograph lent by Dr. G. E. Morrison)
WITH
THE RUSSIANS
IN MONGOLIA
by
H. G. C. PERRY-AYSCOUGH
M.A.(Oxon.), F.R.G.S., THE CHINESE POSTAL SERVICE
and
Captain R. B. OTTER-BARRY
F.R.G.S., THE ROYAL SUSSEX REGIMENT
WITH A PREFACE BY
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE
Sir CLAUDE MACDONALD
G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., K.C.B., &c., H.B.M. MINISTER AT
PEKING (1896-1900) AND AMBASSADOR AT TOKIO (1900-1912)
ILLUSTRATED WITH 50 PHOTOGRAPHS AND A MAP
LONDON: JOHN LANE THE BODLEY HEAD
NEW YORK: JOHN LANE COMPANY
TORONTO: BELL & COCKBURN, MCMXIV
WITH
THE RUSSIANS
IN MONGOLIA
by
H. G. C. PERRY-AYSCOUGH
M.A.(Oxon.), F.R.G.S., THE CHINESE POSTAL SERVICE
and
Captain R. B. OTTER-BARRY
F.R.G.S., THE ROYAL SUSSEX REGIMENT
WITH A PREFACE BY
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE
Sir CLAUDE MACDONALD
G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., K.C.B., &c., H.B.M. MINISTER AT
PEKING (1896-1900) AND AMBASSADOR AT TOKIO (1900-1912)
ILLUSTRATED WITH 50 PHOTOGRAPHS AND A MAP
LONDON: JOHN LANE THE BODLEY HEAD
NEW YORK: JOHN LANE COMPANY
TORONTO: BELL & COCKBURN, MCMXIV
Printed by Morrison & Gibb Limited, Edinburgh
DEDICATED
to
O.K.
and
P. O-B.
AUTHORS' NOTE
The Mongolian characters on the cover of this book denote the title of the New Mirror, the Mongol monthly newspaper published at Urga, under Russian auspices, in March 1913.
The map has been compiled by Mr. H. F. Milne, draughtsman at the Royal Geographical Society, from Russian maps lent by H.E. Monsieur Korostovetz, and from a route traverse carried out by Captain Otter-Barry.
The terms Inner and Outer Mongolia, that frequently recur throughout the book, define the southern and northern portions of Mongolia respectively.
The words van, gol, and nor are the Mongol equivalents for prince, river, and lake.
It has been found necessary, since this book went to the press, in order to bring the political situation up to date, to write an "Afterword," which will be found at the end of the book after the Appendices.
CONTENTS page 1 chap. I. The Coming of the Russians into Mongolia14 II. Russo-Chinese Negotiations regarding Mongolia28 III. The Mongol Race—Historical and Geographical45 IV. Kalgan, the Southern Gate of Mongolia58 V. Across the Gobi Desert—Kalgan to Bangkiang68 VI. Across the Gobi Desert—Bangkiang to Urga83 VII. Urga, the Capital of Mongolia100 VIII. Finance and Commerce—Cattle and Horse Breeding121 IX. Religious and Educational Aspect139 X. Urga to the Yero Gold Mines151 XI. The Yero Gold Mines to Verhne Udinsk viâ Kiachta171 XII. Shanghai to Urga by Rail and Tarantass185 XIII. Urga to Uliassutai197 XIV. Uliassutai to Kobdo212 XV. Kobdo to Kosh Agatch227 XVI. Through the Chuyan Alps to Biisk243 XVII. On the Ob by Steamer to Novo Nikolaievsk272 XVIII. By the Trans-Siberian Railway to St. Petersburg289 Appendix A. Protocol concluded between Russia and Mongolia295 Appendix B. Stages between Kalgan and Urga304 Appendix C. Stages between Urga and Kiachta312 Appendix D. Stages between Urga and Uliassutai316 Appendix E. Stages between Uliassutai and Kobdo318 Appendix F. Stages between Kobdo and Kosh Agatch320 Appendix G. Stages between Kosh Agatch and Biisk321 Afterword 323 Index 328
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS - The Hu-tuk-tu, or Living Buddha. Spiritual and Temporal Sovereign of Mongolia
Frontispiece Photograph lent by Dr. G. E. Morrison. facing page - Group of Russian and Mongolian Officials, taken after the Signing of the Russo-Mongol Agreement and Protocol, at Urga, November 1912
14 Photograph lent by H. E. Monsieur Korostovetz. - The Russian Plenipotentiary—H.E. Monsieur J. Korostovetz—greeted on his arrival at Urga, September 1912, by the Russian Colony, Mongol Princes, and Cabinet Ministers
22 Photograph lent by H. E. Monsieur Korostovetz. - Portrait of Prince Han Daradji, Leader of the Mongol Mission to St. Petersburg, December 1912
28 Photograph lent by H. E. Monsieur Korostovetz. - Wu Tai, Prince of Cherim, Member of Prince Sain-Noin's Mission to St. Petersburg, November 1913
38 Photograph lent by H. E. Monsieur Korostovetz. - Captain Otter-Barry's Chinese servant "Liu"
62 - Captain Otter-Barry's Caravan
66 - Captain Otter-Barry's Carter and Cart
66 - "Piccadilly Circus," at the Entrance to the Mongolian Plateau
68 - Troop of Ponies in Chinese Corral
72 - Captain Otter-Barry's Friend the Horsedealer, with a Mongol Lady
76 - Captain Otter-Barry's Desert Kitchen
80 - A Sporting Mongol Lama
82 - A "Tramp" of the Desert
84 - The only Tree of the Gobi Desert
86 - "At Home" in the Desert
88 - Camel Encampment in the Desert
90 - Lama Temple in the Desert
90 - Mongol Lady, Children, and Nurse
94 - A Block of Ice, in the Vicinity of Urga, used by Travellers in June
96 - The Market-Place of Urga. Russian shops and business houses are seen in the background
100 Photograph lent by H. E. Monsieur Korostovetz. - Palace of the Hu-tuk-tu, overshadowed by the Sacred Mount of Bogdo
102 - Departure of the Mail Caravan from the Russian Post Office at Urga, en route for Kalgan, viâ the Gobi Desert
106 Photograph lent by H. E. Monsieur Korostovetz. - Barracks under Construction at Urga
108 - A Mongolian Princess in her Official Robes
110 Photograph lent by Dr. G. E. Morrison. - Officers and Privates of the New Mongol Army who have been drilled and armed by the Russians
112 Photograph lent by Dr. G. E. Morrison. - Parade at Urga of First Russian-drilled Mongolian Battery of Artillery, in the Presence of the Russian Plenipotentiary, the Mongol Princes and Ministers
114 Photograph lent by H. E. Monsieur Korostovetz. - Toch-to-hogun, Commander-in-Chief of the Hu-tuk-tu's Bodyguard, with his Wife and Attendants
118 Photograph lent by Dr. G. E. Morrison. - A Troop of Mongol Ponies
132 - A Sheep Fold
134 - The Monastery at Tuerin
140 - Bronze Incense Bowl at Tuerin
144 - Prayer Wheel in Tuerin Monastery
146 - A Lama Choir Boy ("Chela")
148 - A Typical Mongol Yurt
152 - Stage or T'ai, where Horses are changed
152 - A Mongol Amazon
154 - Crossing the Yero River on a Raft made of Hollowed Trees
158 - A Chinese Colonist's House
160 - Carding Wool
162 - Mining on the Yero River, under Russian Supervision
164 - Washing Gold on the Yero River
168 - A View on the Yero River
172 - Portrait of H. E. Monsieur J. Korostovetz
186 - Group of the Leading Residents at Urga, taken on the Occasion of the Departure of M. Louba and Mr. Perry-Ayscough en route for Uliassutai and Kobdo, March 1913
198 Photograph lent by H. E. Monsieur Korostovetz. - The Russian Colony at Kobdo, April 1913
220 Photograph lent by H. E. Monsieur Korostovetz. - Kirghiz Encampment. In the foreground is a Kirghiz sportsman with his hunting eagle
240 - Typical View of the Track skirting the River Chuya
246 - A Steep and Dangerous Place on the Chuyan Track. The road is high up on the rock, and is shown propped up by wooden supports
250 - Wooded Reach on the River Chuya
258 - Ferry across the River Katoon
262 - Sorcerer beating a Gong before a Kalmuck Tent
264 - Biisk, on the River Biya, in Eastern Siberia
272 - Sketch Map of Mongolia
At the End of the Book
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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