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PETER, PARLEY 206 PETERHEAD the French Army, and served "vvith dis- tinction during the Franco-Prussian War, being thrice captured by the Ger- mans, and escaping each time. After- ward he lived in retirement in Paris and Geneva- In 1903, King Alexander of Serbia, a member of the Obrenovitch family, rival of the Karageorgevitch dynasty, was assassinated by army of- ficers, and Peter was proclaimed ruler in his place. In 1914, he went into the field at the head of his army, and remained PETER I, KING OF SERBIA with his troops until the final invasion by the forces of the Central Powers in 1916, when he escaped through the moun- tains of Albania to the Adriatic Coast, where he was rescued by the Italian ships. Until the collapse of the Teutonic front in the Balkans in 1918, he remained in Greece, when he returned to Belgrade with his troops, following the retreating Austrians. PETER, PARLEY. Samuel Griswold. See Goodrich, PETER PINDAR. See WOLCOTT, John. PETERBOROUGH, a city partly in Huntingdonshire, but chiefly in North- amptonshire, England, the latter por- tion being on the left or N. bank of the Nen river, at the edge of the fen coun- try, 76 miles N. of London. Here, at Medeshamstede, in 655, the Mercian thane Saxulf founded the great Benedic- tine abbey of SS. Peter, Paul, and An- drew, which, destroyed by the Danes in 870, was restored in 966, plundered by Hereward in 1069, and again burned down in 1116. Its noble church, the ca- thedral since 1541 of a new diocese carved out of that of Lincoln, was built between 1118 and 1628, and thus, while essentially Norman, offers every variety of architecture down to the Perpendicu- lar. It is 471 feet long, by 202 across the transept, and 81 high. The Early English W. front (1200-1222) consists of three mighty arches. Noteworthy al- so are the flat painted wooden ceilings of the 12th century, the portrait of "Old Scarlett" the sexton (1496-1694), the blue slab inscribed "Queen Catharine, A. D. 1636," and the grave for 25 years (1587-1612) of Mary Queen of Scots. In 1643 Cromwell and his troopers did hideous havoc to monuments, stained glass, and cloisters. Of the abbots may be mentioned Ernulf, Bishop of Roches- ter (1115) ; and of the 27 bishops, Lloyd and White the non-jurors, Richard Cum- berland, Archbishop Magee of York, and Mandell Creighton the historian. Paley was a native. Two ancient gateways, the bishop's palace and the deanery (once the abbot's and prior's houses), and the chancel of a Becket chapel (now a mu- seum) make up the remaining objects of interest. Peterborough is an important railway center, has manufactures of ag- ricultural implements, and carries on a large trade in malt, coal, fai-m produce, etc. Incorporated as a municipal bor- ough in 1874, it has returned two mem- bers to Parliament from 1547 till 1885, and since then one. Pop. (1917) 33,574. PETERBOROUGH, a town and capi- tal of Peterborough co., Ont., Canada; on the Otonabee and Trent Valley canal, and on the Grand Trunk and Ca- nadian Pacific railroads; 85 miles N. E. of Toronto. It is well laid out, having wide and regular streets. The town is in the center of a rich agricultural re- gion. It exports peas, oats, barley, wheat, flour, cheese, wool, and pork. The manufactures include steam engines, agricultural implements, mill machinery, etc. The largest lift-lock in the world designed to lift vessels 140 feet long, 65 feet in the air in one motion, was built in 1904. Peterborough was settled in 1825 by Col. Peter Robinson, in whose honor it was named. Pop. (1918) about 25,000. PETERHEAD, a seaport and burgh of barony of Buchan, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on a peninsula, 32 miles N. N. E. of Aberdeen. Founded in 1593, it is somewhat irregular in plan, but clean and largely built of the celebrated "Peterhead granite," whose reddish va- riety is so much used for monumental purposes. The Keiths, Earls Marischal