Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 09.djvu/120

STEYN 86 STIGMA the Union of South Africa, Steyn sub- scribed to the constitution, but he was bjelieved to favor the rebellion of 1915. He died in 1916. STIBNITE, trisulphide of antimony, an ore consisting of 72.88 antimony and 27.12 sulphur. The color is lead-gray or blackish, and is very brittle. This ore is the source of most of the antimony of commerce. Called also antimony glance. STICKLEBACK, a popular name for any of the species Gasterosteus. The 15- spined stickleback lives in salt or brack- ish water, the others are fresh-water fish; and all, though small in size, are active, greedy, and extremely destructive to the fry of other fishes. In the breed- ing season the male stickleback con- structs a nest, about three inches wide and six inches deep, of stalks of grasa STIGMA (plural, STIGMAS, or STIG- MATA), a mark made with a red-hot iron ; a brand impressed on slaves and others; also a small red speck on the human skin; figuratively, any mark of infamy, disgrace, or reproach which attaches to a person on account of bad conduct; a slur. In anatomy, the projecting part of a Graafian follicle at which rupture occurs. In biology, stigmata are the external openings of the tracheal ap- paratus in the Insecta and Arachnida. Applied also to the pores of the seg- mental organs of leeches, and to the openings by which the pneumatocyst communicates with the exterior in some of the Physophoridse. In botany, the part of the pistil to which the pollen is applied. It is gen- erally situated at the upper extremity of the style. It is a glandular body, destitute of epidermis, and secretes a STICKLEBACK AND ITS NEST and other matters, cemented together with mucus which exudes from his skin. The 15-spined stickleback (G. spinachia) is entirely confined to salt and brackish water; the three-spined stickleback (G. aculeatus) , the commonest, is found in both fresh and salt water; the short- spined stickleback (G. brachycentrus), the four-spined stickleback (G. spinulo- sus) , and the nine-spined or 10-spined stickleback (G. pungUnis) , are confined to fresh water. STIEGLITZ, JULIUS (OSCAR), an American chemist, born at Hoboken, N. J., in 1867. He was educated in Ger- many, and from 1892 to 1915 was con- nected with the chemical department of the University of Chicago. He was a member of many scientific societies, and in 1917 was a member of the division of chemistry of the National Research Council. He was vice-chairman of the division of chemistry, from 1919, and was special expert of the Public Health Service in the same year. viscous material, which is most abundant at the period of fecundation. It is some- times smooth, at others it may be cov- ered with papillae or with plumose hairs, or it may have around it an indusium. Morphologically viewed, the stigma is the apex of the carpellary leaf. When there is more than one style, each has a stig- ma; when there are several, they may coalesce so as to have various lobes or divisions. In most cases the stigma is thicker than the style. It varies greatly in form, and may be capitate, penicil- late, plumose, or feathery, petaloid, pel- tate, filiform, or papillose. In some cases the stigma extends dpwn the inner face of the style; it is then called unilateral. In ecclesiology, stigmata is a term bor- rowed from Gal. vi: 17, "I bear in my body the marks (Greek and Vulgate, stigmata) of the Lord Jesus," and ap- plied by ecclesiastical writers to the marks of Stigmatization (q. v.). St. Paul probably took his metaphor from the fact that pagan soldiers sometimes