Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 09.djvu/122

STILLINGEA 88 spikes, with a bi-glandular bract at the base; calyx cup-shaped; stamens two, with their filaments united at the base; female solitary; calyx tridentate or tri- fid; stigmas three, simple; ovary three- celled; fruit capsular, globose, with three eells, each one-seeded. From the tropics of Asia and America. .S. sebi- fera is the Chinese tallow tree. The root of S. sylvatica is considered in the Carolinas and Florida to be a remedy for syphilis. STILLMAN, WILLIAM JAMES, an American artist, journalist, author, and traveler; bom in Schenectady, N. Y., June 1, 1828; was graduated at Union College in 1848; began life as an artist; founded and edited the "Crayon," an art journal in New York. He was for many years a correspondent of the London "Times" and the New York "Evening Post," and was especially conversant with the affairs of Greece; he was con- sul-general to Crete, 1865-1869, His published works are: "The Acropolis of Athens" (1870) ; "The Cretan Insurrec- tion" (1874) ; "Herzegovina and the Late Uprising" (1877) ; "On the Track of Ulysses" (1887) ; "Reminiscences of a Journalist." He died in Frimley Green» Surrey, near London, England, July 6, 1901. STILLWATER, a city and county seat of Washington CO., Minn.; on St. Croix lake and river, and on the Chica- go and Northwestern, Northern Pa- cific, and the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railroads; 18 miles N. E. of St. Paul. Stillwater contains the State pen- itentiary, public library, a high school, two convents, hospital, street railroad and electric light plants, waterworks, National and savings banks, and a num- ber of daily and weekly newspapers. It has flour mills, carriage factories, ma- chine shops, elevators, foundries, etc. Pop. (1910) 10,198; (1920) 7,735. STIMSON, FREDERIC JESTTP. an American lawyer; born in Dedham, Mass., July 20, 1855; was graduated at Harvard University in 1876, and at Har- vard Law School in 1878; was admitted to the New York and Boston bars; be- came assistant attorney-general of Mas- sachusetts in 1884, and later was chosen general counsel to the United States In- dustrial Commission. He was the author of several law books, novels, essays, mostly under the pseudonym of "J. S. of Dale," including: "Rollo's Journey to Cambridge"; "First Harvests"; "King Noanett"; "Jethro Bacon of Sandwich"; "The American Constitution" (1906) ; "Popular Law Making" (1910) ; "The STINft Light of Provence," a play in verse; "My Story," an imagined autobiography of Benedict Arnold (1917). STIMSON, HENRY LEWIS, an Amer- ican lavyer and public official, born in New York City, in 1867. He graduated fi-om Yale, in 1888, and from the Har- vard Law School in the following year. In 1891 he was admitted to the bar, be- coming a member of the firm of Root & Clarke, in 1893, and a member of the firm of Winthrop & Stimson, from 1901. From 1906 to 1909 he was United States attorney for the Southern Dis- trict of New York, and was a Republi- can candidate for governor of New York, in 1910. He was Secretary of War in the cabinet of President Taft, from May, 1911, to March, 1913. During the World War he served in the law depart- ment of the United States Reserves, and was lieutenant-colonel of the 305th Field Artillery from August, 1917, to August, 1918, when he was appointed colonel of the 31st Field Artillery, He served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France, from December, 1917, to Aug- ust, 1918. STIMULANTS, in pharmacy, agents which increase vital action, first in the organ to which they are applied, and next in the system generally. Stimu- lants are of three kinds, stomachic, vas- cular, and spinal. The name is popu- larly restricted to the first of these, which act on the stomach, expelling flat- ulence, besides allaying pain and spasm of the intestines. They are also called carminatives. Examples, ginger, capsi- cum and chillies, cardamoms, mustard, pepper, nutmeg, etc. Some vascular stimulants act on the heart and the larger vessels, others on the smaller ones. Of the first are free ammonia, alcohol in the form of brandy or wine, camphor, aromatics, etc. Of the latter are acetate of ammonia, guiacum, sassa- fras, etc. Spinal stimulants increase the function of the spinal cord. Examples, nux vomica, strychnia, cantharides, phos- phorus, etc. STING, in botany, a stinging hair. Stinging hairs are sharp, stiff hairs, containing an acrid fluid which is in- jected into the wound which they pro- duce; stimuli. Example, the nettle, in which the apex is expanded into a little bulb which is broken off when the sting is slightly touched. In entomology, a weapon of defense, concealed within the abdomen of bees, wasps, etc., and capable of exsertion, or forming part of the last joint of the tail in scorpions. The sting of the bee a^j-