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SmVINER 159 SUMPTUARY LAWS distinction in the Mexican War in 1846- 1847, especially at the battles of Cerro Gordo and Molino del Rey; was made major in 1846; governor of New Mexico in 1851-1853; in 1855 was made colonel and was one of the escort of Abraham Lincoln from Springfield, 111., to Wash- ington, D. C, in February, 1861; in March, 1861, promoted Brigadier-General U. S. A. During the Civil War he com- manded a corps at the battle of Fair Oaks May 31-June 1, 1862; at Malvern Hill July 1, and at the battle of Antietam Sept. 17 of that year; he also com- manded one of the three great divisions of Burnside's army at the battle of Fred- ericksburg Dec. 13, 1862; was given com- mand of the Department of the Missouri in 1863, He died in Syracuse, N. Y., March 21, 1863. SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM, an American political economist; born in Paterson, N. J., Oct 30, 1840; was grad- uated at Yale in 1863 ; studied at Geneva, Gottingen, and Oxford; was tutor at Yale in 1866-1869 ; in 1867 took orders in the Protestant-Episcopal Church; was assistant at Calvary Church, New York, and rector of Church of the Re- deemer, Morristown, N. J.; appointed Professor of Political Economy and So- cial Science at Yale College in 1872. His writings include a translation of Lange's "Commentary on Second Kings" (1872) ; "History of American Currency" (1874) ; "Life of Andrew Jackson" (1882) ; "What Social Classes Owe to Each Other" (1883) ; "Problems in Politi- cal Economy" (1884) ; "Protectionism" (1885); "History of Banking in the United States" (1896) ; etc. He died April 12, 1910. SUMMERALL. CHARLES PELOT, an American army officer, born at Lake City, Fla., in 1867. He was graduated from the United States Military Academy, in 1892, and commissioned a 2d lieutenant of infantry in the same year. In 1893 he was transferred to the artillery ser- vice, rising through the various grades to that of colonel. May, 1917. In August, 1917, he was promoted brigadier- general, N. A.; in January, 1918, briga- dier-general, U. S. A.; in July, 1918, major-general, N. A., and in April, 1920, major-general, U. S. A. He saw service in the Philippine Islands from 1899 to 1900, and with the China Relief Expedi- tion from 1900 to 1901. In 1902 he lo- cated and initiated the construction of Fort William H. Seward, Alaska. He was at various times an instructor at the United States Military Academy, a lec- turer at the Army War College and as- sistant to the chief of the Militia Bureau. During the World War he was suc- cessively a member of the Military Com- mission to England and France, commander of the 67th Field Artillery Brigade and later of the 1st Field Ar- tillery Brigade, commander of the 1st Division, A. E. F., the 5th Army Corps, the 9th Army Corps and the 4th Army Corps. His service with the A. E. F. in France covered the period from October, 1917, to September, 1919, and included, during 1919, various special missions, membership in the Inter-Allied Military Commission at Fiume and service with the American Mission to Negotiate Peace. Upon his return to the United States he was assigned to the command of the 1st Division at Camp Taylor, Ky. SUMNER, GEORGE WATSON, an American naval officer, born at Constan- tine, Mich., in 1841. He was graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1861, becoming a lieutenant in 1862, and rising through the various grades to the rank of rear-admiral in March, 1899. He saw extensive service in the Civil War. His other assignments included, besides the command of various ships of the United States Navy, service with the Hydrographic Office, the Bureau of Ord- nance, the Naval War College and the Navy Yards at New York and Phila- delphia. From 1902 to 1903, he was com- mander-in-chief of the South Atlantic Squadron, retiring at the end of 1903, upon having reached the age limit. SUMNER, WALTER TAYLOR, an American Protestant Episcopal clergy- man, born at Manchester, N. H., in 1873. He was educated at Dartmouth College, and at the Western Theological Sem- inary, and received honorary degrees from these two universities, and from Northwestern University. He was made a deacon in 1903, and a priest in 1904. From 1903 to 1906, while serving as pastor of St. George's Church, Chicago, he was secretary to the Bishop of Chi- cago; from 1906 to 1915 he was dean of the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, and superintendent of the City Missions of the Episcopal Church, Chicago; and in 1915 he was consecrated Bishop of Oregon. He also served as a member of the Chicago Board of Education (1909- 1915) and was a member or officer of many religious and charitable associa- tions, commissions, congresses, institu- tions, etc. Until 1915 he was also chap- lain of the 1st Illinois Cavalry, I. N. G. SUMPTUARY LAWS, laws intended to repress extravagance, especially in eating and drinking, and in dress. They were common in ancient times, and also