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TEMPLARS 291 TEMPLE, SOLOMON'S investigation on behalf of the order, when suddenly the commission was startled by the news that the provincial council of Sens was about to sentence without further hearing those Templars who had offered to defend the order. On May 12, 1310, 54 knights were slow- ly burned to death. The commission at once suspended its sittings, but at length, after many de- lays, on June 5, 1311, transmitted its re- port to Clement to help the General Council in its deliberations. The closing act in this drama of papal duplicity was Clement's failure to gain over the Coun- cil at Vienne, and the suppression of the order without formal condemnation, by the bull "Vox in excelso" (March 22, 1312). The bull "Ad Providam" (May 2) laid it under perpetual inhibition, and transferred its property to the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem. The persons of the Templars were handed over to the provincial councils, with the exception of the chiefs of the order, who were reserved to the jurisdiction of the Holy See. On March 19, 1314, Jacques de Molay and the gray-haired Geoffrey de Charney, Master of Normandy, were brought from prison to receive judgment, when, to the dismay of the churchmen and the aston- ishment of all, they rose and solemnly declared their innocence and the blame- lessness of the order. That same day, on the Isle des Juifs in the Seine, they were slowly roasted to death, declaring with their last breath that the confession formerly wrung from them by torture was untrue. In England the trials were conducted with much less inhumanity. The charges for the most part failed to be established, and most of the prisoners were granted penances and permitted to escape with a formal abjuration, while a fair provision was made for their support. The last Master of the Temple in England, Will- iam de la More, died a prisoner in the Tower, to the last maintaining the inno- cence of the order. The memory of the various preceptories and possessions in England, Scotland, and Ireland survives in place names; the round Temple Church in London, consecrated in 1185, was re- stored by the Benchers of the Inner and Middle Temple (1839-1842). In Spain, Portugal and Germany the order was found innocent; almost everywhere in Italy, save in the case of six at Florence, the charges broke down. TEMPLE, a city of Texas, in Bell co. It is on the Gulf, Colorado, and Santa Fe and the Missouri, Kansas and Texas rail- roads. Its industries include cottonseed oil mills, cotton gins, foundries, flour mills, candy factories, and a cold-storaga plant. It has a sanitarium, two hos- pitals, and a public library. Pop. (1910) 10,993; (1920) 11,033. TEMPLE, an edifice erected and dedi- cated to the service of some deity or deities, and connected with some pagan system of worship. The term is general- ly applied to such structures among the Greeks, Romans, Egyptians, and other ancient nations, as well as to structures serving the same purpose among modern heathen nations. Among all ancient na- tions the usual plan of a temple was rec- tangular, seldom circular. Among the Greeks rectangular temples were classed in forms, according to their architectural peculiarities. The circular temples, which are far from common, and in which Corinthian columns are usually employed, were, for the most part, intended for the worship of Vesta. Among the Etruscans the form of the temples differed from the Grecian, the ground plan more nearly ap- proaching a square, the sides being in the proportion of five to six. The interior of these temples was divided into two parts, the front portion being an open portico resting on pillars, while the back part contained the sanctuary itself, and consisted of three cellse placed alongside one another. The inter-columniation was considerably greater than in Grecian temples. Among the Romans a temple, in the restricted sense of an edifice set apart for the worship of the gods, con- sisted essentially of two parts only — a small apartment or sanctuary, the cella, sometimes only a niche for receiving the image of the god, and an altar stand- ing in front of it, upon which were placed the offerings of the suppliant. The most celebrated temples of the ancients were those of Jupiter Olympus in Athens, of Diana (or Artemis) at Ephesus, of Apol- lo at Delphi, and of Vesta at Tivoli and Rome. It is also an edifice erected among Christians as a place of public worship; a church ; and the name of two semi-mon- astic establishments of the Middle Ages — one in London, the other in Paris — in- habited by the Knights Templar. The Temple Church in London is the only por- tion of either now existing. TEMPLE, SOLOMON'S, the building reared by Solomon as a habitation for Jehovah, though the king was aware that God could not be confined to an earthly edifice, or even to the heaven of heavens. It was built on Mount Moriah (II Chron. iii: 1), chiefly by Tyrian workmen, and had massive foundations. Its dimen-