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TEMPLE, SOLOMON'S 292 TEMPOBAL POWER sions were 60 cubits (90 feet) long; 20 cubits (30 feet) wide, and 30 cubits (45 feet) high. The stone for its erection was dressed before its arrival, so that the edifice arose noiselessly (I Kings vi: 7); the floor was of cedar, boarded over with planks of fir; the wainscoting was of cedar, covered with gold, as was the whole interior. The Temple was sur- rounded by an inner court for the priest, here was also a Great or Outward Court, called specially the Court of the Lord's House. This temple was destroyed by the Babylonians during siege of Jeru- salem under Nebuchadnezzar. On the return from Babylon, a temple, far in- ferior to Solomon's, was commenced under Zerubbabel, B. C. 534, and, after a long intermission, was resumed B. C. 520, and completed B. c. 516, under Darius Hystaspes. The second temple was grad- ually removed by Herod, as he proceed- ed with the building or rebuilding of a temple, designed to rival the first rather than the second. The work was com- menced B. c. 21 or 20. In the courts of this temple Jesus preached and healed the sick. It caught fire during the siege of Jerusalem under Titus, and not- withstanding his efforts to save it, was burned to the ground. TEMPLE UNIVERSITY, an institu- tion for higher education, in Philadel- phia, founded in 1888. In 1907 the name was changed from Temple College to Temple University. It has a law school, a theological school, a medical school, and a department of elementary educa- tion. In 1919 there were 4,602 students and 305 members of the faculty. Presi- dent, R. H. Conwell, D.D. TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, an Eng- lish statesman; born in London, in 1628; was educated at Emmanuel College, Cam- bridge. He afterward passed six years in France, Holland, Flanders, and Ger- many. On his return (1654), not choos- ing to accept office under Cromwell, he occupied himself in the study of history and philosophy. After the Restoration (1660) he was nominated one of the com- missioners from the Irish Parliament to ■ the king. On the breaking out of the Dutch War (1665) he was employed in a mission to the Bishop of Miinster, who offered to attack the Dutch, and in the following year was appointed resident at Brussels, and received the honor of a baronetcy. In conjunction with DeWitt he concluded the treaty between Eng- land, Holland, and Sweden (Triple Al- liance, 1668), the result being to oblige France to restore her conquests in the Netherlands. He also attended, as am- bassador extraordinary, when peace was concluded between France and Spain at Aix-la-Chapelle (1668), and subsequent- ly residing at The Hague as ambassador, became familiar with the Prince of Orange, afterward William III. Recalled in 1669, Sir William remained in retire- ment at Sheen till 1674, when he was again ambassador to the States-General, and engaged in the Congress of Nime- guen, by which a general pacification was latterly effected, 1679. He was instru- mental in promoting the marriage of the Prince of Orange with Mary, eldest daughter of the Duke of York (James II., 1677). Shortly after his return he was elected to represent the University of Cambridge in Parliament. In 1681 he retired from public life altogether. Swift was an inmate of his house for some time. His Memoirs and Letters are espe- cially interesting to the student of his- tory. His Miscellanies consist of essays on various subjects: "Gardening," "The Cure of the Gout," "Ancient and Modern Learning," "Health and Long Life," "Poems and Translations," etc. He died in Moor Park, Surrey, Jan. 27, 1699. TEMPLIN, OLIN, an American col- lege dean, born at Camden, Ind., in 1861. He studied at the University of Kansas, of Gottingen, and of Berlin, leaving this last in 1889. He was assistant professor of mathematics, 1884-1890; associate pro- fessor of philosophy, 1890-1893, and pro- fessor and head of the department from 1893 of the University of Kansas. He has been dean of the College of the Lib- eral Arts and Sciences from 1903. He was director of the school and college ac- tivities in connection with the United States Food Administration, 1917-1919. TEMPO, in music, a word used to ex- press the rate of movement or degree of quickness with which a piece of music is to be executed. The degrees of time are indicated by certain words such as le7ito (slow), adagio or largo (leisurely), andante (walking pace), allegro (gay or quick), pr-esfo (rapid), /westissmo (very rapid), etc. TEMPORAL BONE, in anatomy, a bone articulating posteriorly and inter- nally with the occipital bone, superiorly with the parietal, anteriorly with the sphenoid, the malar, and the inferior maxillary bone. It constitutes part of the side and base of the skull, and con- tains in its interior the organ of hearing. TEMPORAL POWER, the power which the Pope exercised as sovereign of the States of the Church. Pius VII. was partially deprived of his dominions by Napoleon I. in 1797, and entirely in 1808, The Pope replied by a bull of excommu-