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TEMPORAL POWEB 293 TENCIN nication; he was then arrested and kept a close prisoner in France till the fall of Napoleon in 1814, when he was rein- stated in the government of an undimin- ished territory. The temporal power was again attacked in 1848, when Pius IX. was driven from Rome, and a republic was established by Mazzini and Gari- baldi. In 1849 General Oudinot was sent by Louis Napoleon, president of the French Republic, to Rome, and his army drove out the revolutionists and brought the Pope back. For 10 years the Pope's power was not attacked, but Cavour O810-1861) was working steadily for a "United Italy," and in 1870 Victor Em- manuel, King of Italy, took possession of the papal territory, leaving the Pope only the Vatican. An annual donation of 2,000,000 lire was guaranteed to him by the Italian Parliament, but he never ac- cepted it. Also, the power exercised by the Popes in the Middle Ages of excom- municating, and after excommunication deposing or procuring the deposition of a sovereign who had fallen into heresy. TEME.YUK, a fortified town of south Russia, in the Kuban district of the Cau- casus; on a peninsula on the S. side of the Sea of Azov, in the bay of Temryuk. TENAFLY, a borough of New Jersey, in Bergen co. It is essentially a residen- tial town. It has manufactures of cloth and window shades. It has a hospital, a home for the aged, and several other in- stitutions. Pop. (1910) 2,756; (1920) 3,585. TENANT, in law, one who occupies, or has temporary possession of lands or tenements, the titles of which are in an- other, the landlord. A "tenant at will" is one who occupies lands or tenements for no fixed term other than the will of the landlord. A "tenant in common" is one who holds lands or tenements along with another or other persons. Each share in the estate is distinct in title, and on •file death of a tenant his share goes to his heirs or executors. A "tenant for life" (in Scotland, a "life-renter") is one who has possession of a freehold estate or interest, the duration of which is de- termined by the life of the tenant or an- other. An estate for life is generally created by deed, but it may originate by the operation of law, as the widow's es- tate in dower, and the husband's estate by courtesy on the death of his wife. TENANT RIGHT, a term specifically applied to an Irish custom, long prevalent in Ulster, either ensuring a permanence of tenure in the same occupant without liability to any other increase of rent than may be sanctioned by the general sentiments of the community, or en- titling the tenant of a farm to receive purchase nioney amounting to so many years' rent on its being transferred to another tenant; the tenant having also a claim to the value of permanent improve- ments effected by him. In course of time the advantages of tenant right granted to the Ulster farmers were claimed by the farmers in the other provinces of Ireland, and the custom spread to a con- siderable extent. At last, under the management of Gladstone and Bright, the Landlord and Tenant Act of 1870 was passed. By it the Ulster tenant right and other corresponding customs received the force of law, and the outgo- ing tenant became entitled to compensa- tion from the proprietor to an amount varying according to circumstances. The act contained other provisions giving compensation for improvements, but as it did not succeed in doing away with all g:rievances a fresh bill was prepared and passed under the name of the Land Law Act, 1881, which established a land com- mission to revise rents, and to fix them for 15 years. This measure has been amended by subsequent acts. TENASSERIM, a territory in India, acquired by Great Britain after the war in 1825; the S. division of Burma; is a long narrow strip between the sea and the mountains of the Siamese frontier; area, 46,590 square miles; pop. 980,000. There are seven districts — the town of Maulmain, Taungngu, Schwe-gyin, Sal- wen, Amherst, Tavoy, and Mergui; the chief towns being Maulmain Taung-ngu, and Tavoy. The town of Tenasserim, which has, through wars and other mis- fortunes, sunk to be a village of only 577 inhabitants, is 33 miles from the seat at the junction of the Great and Little Tenasserim rivers, the former of which has a total course of about 400 miles. TENCIN, MADAME DE (ClaUDINB Alexandrine Guerin), a French author; born in Grenoble in 1681; entered the re- ligious life; but soon found its restraints intolerable. Finally, in 1714, she went to Paris, where her wit and beauty soon at- tracted to her a crowd of lovers, among them personages as great as the Regent and Cardinal Dubois. She had much po- litical influence. But her importance died with the regent and the cardinal in 1723. In 1726 she lay a short time in the Bas- tille, after the tragic scandal caused by one of her lovers shooting himself in her house. Her later life was most decorous, and her salon became one of the most popular in Paris. One of her oldest lovers was Fontenelle; D'Alembert was one of her children. Her romances.