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THOMAS 360 THOMASIUS in 1879-1883; and in 1885 became Profes- sor of English at Bryn Mawr College. In 1894 she was made president of the institution, and in 1895-1899 was also a member of the board of trustees of Cor- nell University. Her publications include "Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight"; "Education for Women" (1900). Mrs. Mary Garret, a benefactress of Bryn Mawr, left her $15,000,000 for educa- tional purposes. THOMAS, NATHANIEL SEYMOITB, an American bishop; born in Faribault, Minn., 1867. Having finished his school- ing in this country he studied at Cam- bridge, in England. In 1891 he was or- dained deacon, and priest in 1893. From 1891 to 1892 he was rector of Grace Church, in Ottawa, Kan., then became professor of ethics at Bethany College, Topeka, Kan. A year later he became professor of theology at the Kansas Theological School, where he remained until 1895, when he received an appoint- ment as chaplain at the Unitel States penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kan. In 1902 he was elected to the bishopric of Salina, Kan., which he declined. In 1909 he was consecrated Bishop of Wyoming. THOMAS, THEODORE, a German- American musician; born in Esens, Han- over, Germany, Oct. 11, 1835. He first played in public at the age of six. In 1845 his family removed to the United States and for two years he played violin solos at concerts in New York. He then traveled for a time in the South, and re- turning to New York in 1851, he played at concerts and at the opera; at first as one of the principal violinists, and after- ward an orchestral leader, till 1861. In connection vdth others he began a series of chamber concerts in 1855, which were continued till 1869. His first symphony concerts were given in 1864-1865, and extended (excepting from 1869 to 1872) till he left New York, in 1878, to take the direction of the College of Music at Cincinnati. He remained in Cincinnati till 1880, when he resigned this position and returned to New York. With brief intervals he was conductor of the Brook- lyn Philharmonic Society from 1862-1891, and of the New York Philharmonic Socie- ty from 1877-1891. From 1866 to 1878 he gave a series of summer concerts nightly in various cities; and in 1869 he made his first concert tour in the Eastern and Western States, which he repeated from time to time afterward. He con- ducted five music festivals in Cincinnati (1873, 1875, 1878, 1880, and 1882), one in Chicago (1882), and one in New York (1882). In the winter of 1885-1886 he organized a series of popular concerts in New York, and in the same season he be- came the conductor of the newly-estab- lished American Opera, holding that po- sition for two years. In 1891 established his orchestra permanently at the Audito- rium in Chicago. In 1893 he was musical director at the World's Fair, till Aug. 10, when he resigned. He died in Chicago, 111., Jan. 4, 1905. THOMAS, WILLIAM WIDGEBY, an American diplomat, born in Portland, Me., 1839, graduated from Bowdoin, 1860, then studied law. He began his diplo- matic career in 1862 as United States bearer of dispatches during which serv- ice he carried a treaty to Turkey. He became vice-consul-general at Constanti- nople, later acting consul at Galatz, then was consul at Gothenburg, Sweden, where he remained till 1865. He then resigned and completed his law studies at Harvard. In 1866 he was admitted to the bar and began practice in Port- land, Me. In 1883 he again entered the diplomatic service as Minister-resident to Sweden and Norway, where he remained till 1905. THOMAS A KEMPIS. See KeMPIS. THOMAS AQUINAS. See AquinAS, Thomas. THOMAS OF LONDON. See BeCKET. Thomas A. THOMAS, ST., called Didymus, or the twin (this being the meaning of both forms of his name), one of the 12 apos- tles of Jesus Christ. He is presumed to have been a native of Galilee. He is dis- tinguished in sacred history by his dis- belief of the resurrection of his Master; on which Jesus vouchsafed to permit him to put his fingers into His wounds, and Thomas exclaimed, "My Lord and my God!" He is supposed to have suffered martyrdom in Coromandel, India, where there are still Christian churches which are called by his name. Efforts have been made by the Roman Catholic theolo- gians of Spanish America to prove that the apostle visited the Western Conti- nent and that St. Thomas was the per- son who was afterward worshiped as Quetzalcoatl. THOMASIUS, CHRISTIAN, a Ger- man author; born in Leipsic, Germany, Jan. 1, 1655, studied at Frankfort-in-the- Oder (1675-1679) ; returned to his native town and lectured on law. In 1687 he adopted the German language in place of the Latin, as the vehicle of his exposi- tions, and commenced an unconventional monthly journal. But this work and his advanced views on theological subjects excited so much opposition that he was