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THREE RIVERS 376 THROAT at the confluence of the St. Maurice and St. Lawrence rivers, and on the Cana- dian Pacific railroad; 95 miles N. E. of Montreal. Here are a bishop's residence, a cathedral, college, convents, and many handsome residences. The city has an extensive trade in lumber, and manufac- tures boots, shoes, stoves, car-wheels, and ironware. Three Rivers was found- ed by Laviolette under orders from Champlain in 1634. A battle which proved disastrous to the Americans was fought here on June 16, 1776. Pop. about 10,000. THRESHER SHARK, also called the Fox Shark, a genus of sharks contain- ing but one known species, Alopias vulpes, with a short conical snout, and less for- midable jaws than the white shark. The upper lobe of the tail fin is very elon- gated, being nearly equal in length to the rest of the body, and is used as a weapon to strike with. Tail included, the thresher attains a length of 13 feet. It inhabits the Atlantic and the Mediter- ranean, and is sometimes met with on the coasts of Great Britain. THRESHING MACHINE. See TOOLS and Machinery. THRIFT, in botany, the genus Ar- meria, called also seapink, specifically Armeria vulgaris or maritima (Statice Armeria, Linn.) : leaves densely fas- cicled, linear, usually one-nerved, pubes- cent or ciliate, with impressed points both above and below; inflorescence a scape, bearing a head of rose-colored, pink, or white flowers, surrounded by a brown membranous, three-leaved invo- lucre, and intermixed with scales. It is found on seacoasts and on mountains, and is well adapted for edging in gar- dens. THRINAX, in botany, the thatch palm, a genus of Sabalidse. Calyx six- cleft, corolla none; stamens 6, 9, or 12, united at the base; ovary one-celled, with a single, erect ovule; fruit round. T. argentea is the silver thatch palm, the leaves of which are used in Jamaica for thatch. In Panama it is made into brooms. THRINCIA, in botany, a genus of Scorzonereas, now reduced to a sub-genus of Leontodon. The pappus of the outer flowers consists of toothed scales, that of the inner is formed of feathery hairs. The buds are drooping. Common in all temperate regions, and popularly known as dandelion and lion's tooth. It has , lanceolate, almost sinuo-dentate, leaves, V somewhat hispid, and single flower scapes of yellow flowers. It grows in gravelly pastures, flowerine in July and August. THRING, EDWARD, an English educator; bom in Alford Rectory, Somer- setshire, Nov. 29, 1821; was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge, of which he was elected fellow. He took orders, and served in curacies at Glou- cester and elsewhere, but in September, 1853, found the work of his life in the appointment to be head master of Up- pingham school. He found it insignifi- cant, but made it one of the healthiest and best equipped among the public schools of England. He finally limited the number of boys to 330, 30 to each boarding house, and he gave himself for 34 years with restless energy to the task of educating these in the highest sense of the word. No man ever estimated more highly the worth of life: no school- master since Arnold was more success- ful in imprinting on the characters of his pupils a high ideal of duty as the great end of life. The manly fiber of his own nature, his earnestness and hon- esty, his firm discipline, and his stern denunciation of cowardice and wrong gave a distinctive character to the school. His publications include volumes of school songs and Ijjrrics, an English grammar, a Latin gradual and a constru- ing book: "Thoughts on Life Science," anonymously (1869), "The Theory and Practice of Teaching" (1883), "Upping- ham Sermons" (2 vols. 1886), "Ad- dresses" (1887), "Poems and Transla- tions" (1887), and "Uppingham School Songs and Borth Lyrics" (1887). He died Oct. 22, 1887. THRIPS, a genus of minute insects, order Hemiptera, sub-order Homoptera, closely allied to the Aphides. They are extremely agile and seem to leap rather than fly. They live on flowers, plants, and under the bark of trees. T. cerea- livm is a common species, scarcely a line in length or in extent of wing, residing in the spathes and husks of cereals, es- pecially wheat, to which it is most in- jurious. THROAT, the anterior part of the neck of an animal, in which are the oesophagus and windpipe, or the passages for the food and breath. THROAT, DISEASES OF THE. The diseases of the throat met with in the practice of medicine do not differ materi- ally from the diseases of other parts of the body. The most frequent form of sore throat is that of a simple erythemat- ous inflammation. The mucous membrane of the pharynx, palate, and tonsils is congested and swollen, and the sub-mu- cous connective tissue may be greatly re- laxed. The treatment of this form of Bore throat is very simple. The patient