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THROAT 376 THRTTSH should be confined to bed in order to se- cure rest and an equable temperature. A gentle but efficient laxative should be given, and if the pain is severe and the pulse accelerated, a small quantity of morphia and aconite may be added to the aperient. The diet should be light and easily digestible, and the free use of demulcent drinks may be encouraged. The tnhalation of steam will be of ser- vice in the acute stage, and if the mem- brane be very much relaxed, astringent solutions of alum, nitrate of silver, car- bolic acid, or chlorate of potash, may be topically applied in the form of a spray. In phlegmonous sore throat there is a higher grade of inflammatory action, the disease being designated amygdalitis, quinsy, or tonsilitis. Ulcerated sore throat is often described under the name of angina maligna, or tonsilitis maligna, and is usually attended with typhoid symptoms. It is occasionally attendant on diphtheria, and sometimes follows scarlatina, measles, smallpox, dysentery, and enteric fever. The pain is not so severe as in ordinary sore throat, but soon after the commencement of the af- fection the tonsils and the surrounding structures are seen to be studded with dark ash-colored ulcers. The disease is apt to extend to the upper part of the pharynx and to the nasal passages, but the larynx is seldom involved. In severe cases death may occur from syn- cope, coma, or from gradual exhaustion of the vital forces. Membranous sore throat is characterized by the exudation of a fibrinous material, which coagulates into a false membrane. This form of sore throat is often met with during the prevalence of diphtheria and is by many physicians considered a mild form of that disease. THRO AT WORT, in botany: (1) Campanula trachelium, the nettle-leaved bellflower; a tall, hispid plant, vsdth an angled stem, ovate-lanceolate leaves, and bluish-purple flowers; found in England, the European continent, etc. (2) C. cervi- caria, which has light-blue flowers, and is a native of Germany. (3) Digitalis pur- purea. THROMBOLITE, an amorphous min- eral of uncertain composition, occurring with malachite on fine-grained limestone at Rezbanya, Hungary; hardness, 3.4; sp. gr., 3.38-3.67; luster, vitreous; color, shades of green; opaque. Composition stated to be a hydrated phosphate of cop- per, but the result of the latest analysis by Schrauf points to its analogy with stetefeldtite. partzite, etc. THROMBOSIS, in pathology, local formation of clot, called a thrombus, either in the heart or a blood-vessel dur- ing life. When it occurs in the systemic veins it is called Phlegmasia dolens. THROMBUS, in pathology, a tumor formed by blood effused from a vein and coagulated in the adjacent tissue; the coagulum or clot, usually fibrinous in texture, which partially or totally closes a vessel in a thrombosis. THROOP, a borough of Pennsylvania, in Lackawanna co. It is on the New York, Ontario and Western and the Dela- ware, Lackawanna and Western rail- roads. It adjoins Scranton. Its chief industries are coal mining and the manu- facture of silk. Pop. (1910) 5,133; (1920) 6,672. THRONE, the chair used on occasions of state by a king, emperor, or Pope. It is usually raised, and often surmounted with a canopy. The term is also applied to the seat of a bishop in his cathedral church, and is a common metaphor to express sovereign power. THRONE OF JAMSHEED, THE, Persepolis, so named by its Persian foun- ders. Jamsheed removed the seat of government from Balkh thither. THRUSH, in ornithology, the name for any of the Turdidoe. They are uni- versally distributed except in New Zea- land, and are very highly organized birds, and it is for this reason, perhaps, as well as on account of their omnivorous diet, that they have been able to estab- lish themselves on a number of remote islands. They differ widely in their THRUSH habits and in their habitat; some are gregarious, others live solitarily or in pairs. The wood thrush {Turdus mtta- telinus) is abundant in North America in summer, as far N. as Hudson Bay, retiring to tropical and sub-tropical re- gions in winter. It is rather smaller than the song thrush, and very similar to it. Several other species are found in North America. The type genus Turdu*