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TIBTJLLTTS 389 •I'lCKNOR devotion did not survive the discovery that he was not her only lover. In his second book of elegies Delia is replaced by Nemesis — this inamorata being a fashionable courtesan, with many other admirers besides Tibullus. Tibullus died in 19 B, c, immediately after Vergil, universally deplored in Rome, and years afterward the subject of a magnificent elegy by Ovid. Doubt has been thrown on his identity with the Albius of Horace, but we are loath to part with the picture that poet gives of him, pacing pensively his woodland walks at Pedum, blessed with fortune, with personal beauty, and with all the ca- pacities of refined enjoyment. His char- acter, amiable, generous, loyal to his friends, is reflected in his poems, which, "most musical, most melancholy," by their limpid clearness and their unaffected finish still justify Quintilian in placing him at the head of Roman elegy prop- erly so called. The third book can hard- ly, even in part, be considered as his, while the fourth, also by another hand, is yet memorable for the 11 poems on the loves of Sulpicia and Cerinthus — Sul- picia's being unique as specimens of a Roman lady's passionate outburst in verse. TIBY, PAUL ALEXANDRE (tib-e') a French miscellaneous writer; born in Paris in 1800. He wrote: "Memoirs of a Young Priest, Collected and Published by a Layman" (1824) ; "Statistical Ac- counts of the French Colonies" (1837) ; "Two Convents in Mediaeval Times: The Abbey of St. Gildas and the Paraclete in the Time of Abelard and Heloise" (1851). He died in Paris, May 10, 1871. TIC DOULOUREUX, a painful affec- tion of a facial nerve, a species of neu- ralgia. It is characterized by acute pain, attended with convulsive twitchings of the muscles, and continuing from a few minutes to several hours. It occurs on one side of the face, and may be caused by a diseased tooth, by inflammation in the ear passage, by exposure to cold, by dyspepsia, etc. The removal of a tooth, warm applications, the employment of electric currents over the nerve, or mor- phia administered subcutaneously, are sometimes efficient. TICHBORNE TRIAL, a famous con- spiracy case in the legal records of Eng- land, in which Arthur Orton, generally known as Thomas Castro, an Australian butcher, claimed to be heir to the Tich- borne estates. Of the three sons of Sir Thomas Tichborne, the eldest, Roger Charles, died at sea in 1854; the second succeeded his father and died in 1866, and the youngest was acknowledged heir. Lady Tichborne, doubting her eldest son's death, advertised for him, and Cas- tro succeeded in convincing her of his identity with Roger Charles. She died before the trial to recover property had begun. This occurred in 1871, and Castro was nonsuited. He was charged with perjury, proved guilty, and sentenced (Feb. 28, 1874) to 14 years of penal servitude. The first trial lasted 103 days, and the second 188. TICHODROMA, in ornithology, the wallcreeper; a genus of Certhiidce, with one species, ranging from Southern Eu- rope to Abyssinia, Nepal, and the N. of China. Bill slightly curved, nostrils with membranous scale. Wings long and rounded, tip of feathers soft. TICHORHINE, in palaeonthology, the English translation of the specific name of the woolly rhinoceros {R. tichorinus), which has reference to the fact that the nostrils are completely separated by a bony septum. TICINO (te-che'no; German and French, Tessin), a river of Switzerland and north Italy, which rises in Mount St. Gotthard, and after a course of about 120 miles joins the Po on the left. It traverses Lake Maggiore and separates Piedmont from Lombardy. TICINO, a canton in the S. of Swit- zerland; area, 1,088 square miles. The N. and greater part of this canton is an elevated and mountainous region, the Spliigen, St. Bernardin, and Mount St. Gotthard forming its N. boundary. The chief river is the Ticino, and there are numerous small lakes. Lake Maggiore is partly within the canton. In the N. the principal occupations are cattle rear- ing and the preparation of dairy produce. In the S. the olive, vine, figs, citrons, and pomegranates are grown. Manufactures and trade are unimportant. The chief towns are Bellinzona, Locarno, and Lu- gano. Pop. about 160,000. TICKNOR, CAROLINE, an American author; born in Boston, Mass. She wrote stories and articles published iji various magazines; was author of "A Hypocriti- cal Romance and Other Stories" (1896) ; "Miss Belladonna, a Child of To-day" (1897) ; and was one of the editors of "The International Library of Famous Literature"; "Masterpieces of the World's Literature"; and "The World's Greatest Orations." TICKNOR, GEORGE, an American historian; born in Boston, Mass., Aug. 1, 1791. He was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1807, and was admitted to the