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TIEDEMAN 392 TIERNAN born in Charleston, S. C, July 16, 1857; was graduated at the College of Charles- ton in 1876; and at the Columbia Law- School in 1879; was Professor of Law in the University of Missouri for 10 years and held the same chair in New JTork University for six years. He was the author of "The Law of Real Prop- erty" (1883); "Limitations of Police Powers" (1886); "Commercial Paper" (1889); "Unwritten Constitution of the United States" (1890); "Sales of Per- sonal Property" (1891) ; "State and Fed- eral Control of Persons and Property" (1900) ; etc. He died in New York Aug. 25, 1903. TIEDEMANN, DIEDRICH (te'de- man), a Grerman philosopher; born in Bremerworde, near Bremen, April 3, 1748. He was Professor of Philosophy in the University of Marburg. He wrote: "Researches on the Origin of Languages" (1772) ; "System of the Sto- ic Philosophy" (1777); "The First Phi- losophers 0^^ Greece" (1780) ; "Origin of the Magic Arts" (1787) ; "Spirit of Spec- ulative Philosophy from Thales to Berke- ley" (6 vols. 1790-1797) ; "Thesetetus; or, Human Knowledge" (1794). He died in Marburg, Sept. 24, 1803. TIEDGE, CHRISTOPH AUGUST (ted'ge), a German poet; born in Gardel- egen, Prussia, Dec. 14, 1752. He enjoys distinction as the author of "Urania," and "Mirror for Women." He also wrote: "Wanderings through Life's Market," and "Elegies." His admirers are many, and his poetry has been compared with that of Cowper. He died in Dresden, March 8, 1841. TIELE, CORNELIS PETRUS, a Dutch theologian; born in Leyden, Netherlands, Dec. 16, 1830. He studied at the uni- versity there and at the Remonstrants' seminary at Amsterdam, and became Re- monstrant pastor at Rotterdam (1856), professor in the seminary translated to Leyden (1873), and Professor of the History of Religions in the University of Leyden in 1877. From its foundation in 1867 he collaborated with Kuenen, Loman, and Rauwenhoff in editing the well-known "Theologisch Tijdschrift," and he published a long series of impor- tant theological works. Of his writings there have been translated into English the "Comparative History of the Egyp- tian and Mesopotamian Religions" (1869- 1872) ; "Outlines of the History of Re- ligion to the Spread of the Universal Religions" (1876); Eng. trans, by J. E. Carpenter, 1878). Other works discuss the Gospel of St. John (1855), the Re- ligion of Zarathustra (1864), "Babyloni- an-Assyrian History" (1886-1887); etc. He died in 1902. TIEMANNITE, a massive granular mineral, first found at several localities in the Harz Mountains, but since at sev- eral places in the United States; hard- ness, 2.5; sp. gr., 7.1-7.37; luster, me- tallic; color, steel to blackish lead-gray. Composition: A selenide of mercury. Dana suggests the formula HgSe, but points out that the analyses mostly cor- respond with HgcSes, which requires se- lenium, 24,3, mercury, 75.2=100. TIENTSIN (te-ent-sen'), a large city and river port of China, in the province of Chihli, on the right bank of the Peiho; 34 miles from the mouth of the river. It is the port of the city of Peking, from which it is distant 80 miles S. E. The river is generally frozen over from about Dec. 15 to March 15, and the business at other times carried on by means of boats and junks is taken up by sledges, which swarm on the river. By the treaty of Tientsin, signed here in 1858, the port was declared open; and a British consu- late was established in January, 1861, while part of the allied troops were still here. In 1881 Tientsin was connected by telegraph with Shanghai (the line ex- tending to Peking) ; and there is a rail- way from Tientsin to the mouth of the Peiho, which will ultimately be extended to Shanghai. It does an export business of about $35,000,000. There is also a large and rapidly increasing transit trade with Russia via Siberia. Pop. about 800,000. See Boxers. TIEPOLO, GIOVANNI BATTISTA (te-a'po-15), an Italian painter, the last of the great Venetian school; born in Venice, Italy, March 5, 1692; modelled himself on Paul Veronese. His first works were in the adornment of churches and palaces in and about Venice; in 1750- 1753 he executed a great series of fres- coes in the archiepiscopal palace at Wiirzburg, and in 1760 was engaged on the palace of Madrid. He was a most productive painter, rich in color (espe- cially in the easel pictures), and clear (though incorrect) in drawing. His chief works were the Old Testament histories — the palace of Udine and the frescoes at Madrid. He died in Madrid, Spain, March 27, 1769. His two sons were also painters, and like their father, etchers also. TIERNAN, FRANCES F I S H E B (pseudonym. Christian Reid), an Amer- ican novelist; born in Salisbury, N. C. Her many works include: "Valerie Ayl- mer" (1870) ; "Mabel Lee" (1871) ; "Mor- ton House" (1871); "Ebb Tide" (1872);