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TIERNAN 393 TIFFIN "Nina's Atonement'" (1873) ; "Carmen's Inheritance" (1873); "A Daughter of Bohemia" (1873); "A Gentle Belle" (1875) ; "Hearts and Hands" (1875) ; "A Question of Honor" (1875); "The Land of the Sky" (1875) ; "After Many Days" (1877) ; "Bonny Kate" (1878) ; "A Sum- mer Idyl" (1878) ; "Hearts of Steel" (1882); "Armine" (1884); "Roslyn's Fortune" (1885); "Miss Churchill" (1887); "A Child of Mary" (1887); "Philip's Restitution" (1888) ; "The Land of the Sun"; "A Woman of Fortune"; "Chase of an Heiress"; etc. TIEREA DEL FUEGO, an archipelago consisting of a group of several large and numerous small islands, lying off the S. extremity of South America; in lat. 54° S., Ion. 70° W.; separated from the continent by the Strait of Magellan. Its extreme S. point is formed by Cape Horn. The principal island, Tierra del Fuego, sometimes known as King Charles South Land, is divided between Chile and Ar- gentine Republic, to the latter of which Staten Island also belongs. All the other islands and islets are included in Chile. The shores of the archipelago are gener- ally much broken by and indented with bays and arms of the sea, with moun- tains rising abruptly from the water. These fjords, as a rule, contain deep water at their shoreward extremities, with bars, or, more properly, banks at the sea entrances; in this feature, as well as in their scenery, resembling many of the salt water lochs on the W. coast of Scotland. The whole group is mountainous, the high hills of the mainland (Tierra del Fuego) attaining a height of 7,000 feet, the snow line being at an altitude of 4,000 feet above sea-level. There are some dreary plains and a few fertile river val- leys, with areas of marshy ground be- tween Useless and St. Sebastian Bays. None of the rivers are important, unless it be the Juarez Celman, which is be- lieved to be navigable for a considerable distance above its mouth. Toward the N. the plains produce good pasturage and sheep farming is carried on. Forests of beech, winter's bark, magnolia, and cypress cover large areas. Few island groups situated so close to continental land exhibit a poorer fauna than is here presented, the guanaco, tucu-tucu (a small rodent), dog, fox, and rat being the only quadrupeds, with the exception of the lately introduced farm stock. The dog is semi-domesticated, and is kept by the natives in immense numbers. Birds, however, are abundant and various, in- cluding Vanelhis cayanus, Surnia fu- nerea, owls, gulls, falcons, and a great variety of sea birds. Seals and sea- lions, once almost innumerable along the shores, have grown scarce and wild, especially in the N. portion. The land of Tierra del Fuego is rapidly rising, and the coast line has advanced 3 kilometers since the date of the surveys of Captain King (1826-1828) and Fitzroy (1831-1836). The rocks are principally volcanic, but sedimentary strata are not uncommon on the principal island, and probably on some others. Granite, syenite, porphyry, quartz, serpentine, trachite, diorite, and sandstone comprise the principal rocks. Some coal, of a poor description, and a little gold have been found. Settled weather never lasts for more than a fortnight at a time. Decem- ber, January and February are the warmest months. March is exceedingly boisterous always, and during its course occur the most destructive gales. The people are savages of a low type, divided into three tribes, the Onas (or Aonas), the Yaghans, and the Alakalufs, the Yaghans being now supposed to be the aborigines. In the eastern part un- der the Argentine Government, the popu- lation is about 3,000, of whom one-third are whites. TIFFANY, CHARLES COMFORT, an American clergyman; born in Balti- more in 1829; was educated at Dickinson College, Andover Theological Seminary, and the Universities of Halle, Heidel- berg and Berlin; ordained in the Protest- ant Episcopal Church in 1866; held charges in Boston and New York in 1867-1890; and became archdeacon of New York in 1893. He wrote "Ex- pressions in Church Architecture"; "Modem Atheism"; "History of the Protestant Episcopal Church"; "The Prayer Book and the Christian Life." He died Aug. 20, 1907. TIFFANY, LOUIS COMFORT, an American artist; born in New York City, Feb. 18, 1848; studied art in New York and Paris; has done considerable decora- tive work; discovered the "Tiffany Favrile Glass," and some of his designs for stained glass windows have become famous. He was president and art di- rector of the Tiffany Glass & Decorating Co., and a member of many American and foreign art associations. Mr. Tiffany received a gold medal and was made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor by the French Government in 1900; gold medal, Dresden, 1901; and gold medal, Turin, 1902; A. M., Yale, 1903. TIFFIN, a city and county-seat of Seneca co., O., on the Sandusky river, and on the Pennsylvania, the Cleveland, Cin-