Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 09.djvu/456

TIFFIN 394 TIGER cinnati, Chicago and St. Louis, and the Baltimore and Ohio railroads; 42 miles S. E. of Toledo. Here are Heidelberg University, Ursuline Academy, public library, hospital, St, Francis's Orphans' Home, street railroads, electric lights, National and State banks, and a number of daily, weekly and monthly periodicals. It has manufactories of machinery, wire nails, bent wood, lanterns, agricultural implements, glass, emery wheels, pottery, etc. Pop. (1900), 10,989; (1910), 11,- 894; (1920), 14,375. TirLIS, a province of the republic of Georgia, extending on both sides of the Kur river from the central chain of the Caucasus Mountains on the N. to the Armenian plateau on the S.; area 15,777 square miles. Steppes and fertile plains are found in the center, but much of the surface is mountainous, covered with off- shoots from the Caucasus and Mount Ararat, reaching in some peaks to 12,000 feet. The soil is fertile and yields abundant tobacco, cotton, indigo, wheat and fruit. Numerous rich petroleum springs and mineral wells exist, and ex- cellent timber is produced from the ex- tensive forests of oak, elm, maple, and chestnut. Pop. about 1,400,000. TiFLis, the capital of the republic of Georgia, and chief city in the territory of the Caucasus, lies in a narrow valley on both sides of the Kur, 184 miles E. S. E. of Poti by rail. In its architecture and in the manners of its inhabitants the city presents a singular mixture of Asiatic and European features. The city is the seat of the civil and military au- thorities of Transcausia, and has 42 churches (23 Armenian), 2 mosques, a gymnasium, and several upper schools, a library, a botanic garden, a hospital, and a theater. It has active manufactures of woolens, silks, cottons, armor, and leather, and is the emporium for the im- portant Russian trade with Persia. It is connected with Teheran by telegraph. Tiflis was the scene of active military ooerations during the World War, and l'919-1920. See Georgia. Pop. about 300,000. TIGER, in zoology, the Felis tigHs (Tigris regalis, Gray), the largest and most dangerous of the Felidas, exceeding the lion slightly in size and far sur- passing him in destructiveness. It is purely Asiatic in its habitat, but is not by any means confined to the hot plains of India, though there it reaches its highest development both of size and coloration. It is found in the Himalayas at certain seasons, at a high altitude. It is met with to the E. throughout Chi- nese Tartary, and as far N., it is said, as the island of Saghalien, where the winter is very severe. The full-grown male Indian tiger is from 9 to 12 and the tigress from 8 to 10 feet from the nose to the tip of the tail, and from 36 to 42 inches high at the shoulder. It is the only member of the family ornamented with cross stripes on the body — a scarce type of coloration among mammals. The ground color of the skin is rufous or tawny yellow, shaded with white on the ventral surface. This is varied with vertical black stripes or elongated ovals and brindlings. On the face and poste- rior surface of the ears the white mark- ings are peculiarly well developed. The depth of the ground color and the in- tensity of the black markings vary, ac- cording to the age and condition of the animal. In old tigers the ground be- comes more tawny, of a lighter shade, and the black markings better defined. The ground coloring is more dusky in young animals. TIGER Though possessed of immense strength and ferocity, the tiger rarely attacks an armed man, unless provoked, though often carrying off women and children. When pressed by hunger or enfeebled by age and incapable of dealing with larger prey, like buffaloes, the tiger prowls around villages, and, having once tasted human flesh, becomes a confirmed man eater. When taken young the tiger is capable of being tamed. The tiger was known to the ancients; frequent mention of it occurs in both Greek and Latin writers, and like the lion, it was habitu- ally seen in the games of the circus. No reference is made to it, however, in the Bible. The jaguar {Felis onca) is sometimes called the American tiger, and Felis viacrocelis, from the Malayan Peninsula, the clouded tiger. In sugar making, a tank having a per- forated bottom, through which the mo- lasses escapes. Also, a boy in livery whose special duty is to attend on his master while driving out; a young mala