Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 09.djvu/457

TIGER 395 TILDEN servant or groom. Colloquially, a kind of growl or screech after cheering; as, three cheers and a tiger. To buck (or fight) the tiger: to gamble (slang). TIGHE, MARY (BLACHFORD), an Irish poet; born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1772; married her cousin, Henry Tighe, of Woodstock, M. P., in 1793. Though her poem "Psyche, or the Legend of Love," was privately printed (1805), it was only after her death, March 24, 1810, that her writings were given to the world. The first edition was in 1811, and they have been frequently reprinted. The "Psyche" is written in the Spenserian stanza; and at least, by Leigh Hunt's admission, occasionally, contains a fancy not unworthy of a pupil of Spenser. Her other poems are short occasional pieces, frequently of a religious cast. It is prob- ably as the subject of Moore's lyric, "I saw thy form in youthful pride," and of Mrs. Hemans's "Grave of a Poetess," that Mrs. Tighe is destined to be longest remembered. TIGRIDIA, the tiger flower, a genus of plants, order Iridaceoe, containing only one species, T. Pavonia, distinguished by the three outer segments of the perianth being larger, and by the filaments being united into a long cylinder. It is a na- tive of Mexico, and much cultivated in flower gardens for the singularity and great beauty of its flowers, which are, however, evanescent. The root is a scaly bulb. TIGRIS, next to the Euphrates, the greatest river of former Asiatic Turkey; rises on the S. slope of the Armenian Taurus range in Kurdistan to the S. of Lake Goljik. It has a sinuous course in a S. E. direction, almost parallel to that of the Euphrates, v'hich river it joins at Kurna, after a course of 1,060 miles. The joint stream, called the Shat-el-Arab, after a further course of 90 miles, enters the head of the Persian Gulf. In its upper course the Tigris flows through fine pasture land, frequented by nomad Kurds and Arabs, and from Diarbekir, where it becomes navigable for small craft, to Mosul, a distance of 200 miles, its banks are high- ly cultivated in some places. Below this point, again, as far as Bagdad (250 miles), it traverses unpeopled wastes, while from Bagdad to its mouth the steep banks are overgrown with high reeds and brushwood, and are haunted by lions and other beast of prey. Its affluenis, the Bitlis, Great and Little Zab, the Dyala, all flow from the highlands to the N., the country separating it from the Euphrates being a streamless waste. The chief places on the Tigris are Diarbekir, Mosul, and Bagdad, and the ruins of Nineveh, Selucia, Ctesiphon, and Opis. Like the Euphrates, the Tigris rises in spring with the melting of the snow on the Armenian Mountains; and during the latter half of May, when the flood is at its height, the whole country between and beyond these rivers, for over 100 miles between Bagdad and Bussorah, is converted into a lake. The arrowy stream either loses less water by irriga- tion or receives more from its affluents than the Euphrates, for it is the larger of the two at the point of confluence. In the World War the Tigris was the scene of heavy fighting between the "Turkish and Anglo-Indian armies in 1915, 1916 and 1917. TIGRISOMA, in orinthology, a genus of Ardeidce, with four species from tropi- cal America and Western Africa. Bill as in Ardea; face and sometimes chin, naked; legs feathered almost to the knees; innner toe rather shorter than outer; claws short, stout, regularly curved; anterior scales reticulate or hexagonal. TIKOOR, or TIKUL, in botany, the Garcinia pedunculata, a tall tree, a na- tive of Rungpur, Goalpara and Sylhet in India. The fruit is large, round, smooth and, when ripe, yellow. The fleshy part is of a very sharp, pleasant taste, and is used by the natives for curries, and for acidulating water; if cut into slices it will keep for years, and might be used in lieu of limes, on board ship on long voyages. TIKUS, in zoology, a small insecti- vorous mammal, from Malacca and Su- matra, described by Sir Stamford Raf- fles as Viverra gymnura, but now known as Gymnurus rafflesii. Externally, it is not unlike an opossum with a lengthened muzzle; greater portion of the body, upper part of legs, root of tail, and stripe over the eye black, the other parts white. It possesses glands which secrete a substance with a strong musky smell. TILDEN, DOUGLAS, an American sculptor; born in Chico, Butte co., Cal., May 1, 1860; lost his hearing as a result of scarlet fever and in consequence was educated at the State Institution for the Deaf in Berkeley, Cal., where he was graduated in 1879. Later he took up the study of sculpture and in 1893 was ap- pointed a member of the jury on sculp- ture at the World's Columbian Exposi- tion in Chicago. He was a member of the National Sculpture Society, the New York Art Club, the San Francisco Art