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TILDEN 396 TILESTON Association, etc., and Professor of Sculp- ture at the Mark Hopkins Art Institute. His works include "Baseball Player"; "Tired Boxer"; "Indian Bear Hunt"; "Football Players," etc. TILDEN, SAMUEL JONES, an Amer- ican statesman; born in New Lebanon, N. Y., Feb. 9, 1814; was educated at the University of New York; studied law with Benjamin F. Butler, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1841; began prac- tice in New York City, and became ac- tively interested in politics; was elected to the State Assembly in 1845; and was a delegate to the Constitutional Conven- tion of 1846. His most celebrated cases as a practising lawyer were the contest of the election of Azariah C. Flagg to the comptrollership of New York City; the opposition of the heirs of the mur- dered Dr. Burdell to a demand by Mrs. Cunningham for a power of administra- tion over his estate, and the defense of the Pennsylvania Coal Company against a demand for the payment of extra tolls to the Delaware and Hudson Canal Com- pany. During the Civil War he main- tained that the struggle with the South could be terminated without resorting to acts not warranted by the Federal Con- stitution. Mr. Tilden became leader of the Democratic party in New York State in 1868, and in that capacity strenuous- ly opposed the corrupt administration of the Tweed faction. In 1874 he was elected governor of New York, and dur- ing his term of office broke up the no- torious "canal ring." In 1876 he was nominated for the presidency of the Na- tional Democratic Convention. In the election Hayes received 4,033,295 popu- lar votes, and Tilden, 4,284,265. In 1877, on the finding of the Electoral Commis- sion, the presidency was awarded to the Republican candidate by an electoral vote of 185 to 184. Mr. Tilden died in "Grey- stone," his country-seat, near Yonkers, N. Y., Aug. 4, 1886. The bulk of his fortune, which consisted of several mil- lion dollars, was bequeathed to trustees to be used for establishing a great public library in New York City, but his will was contested successfully. An heir re- linquished her share of the estate and this became the nucleus and the begin- ning of the Tilden Foundation of the New York Public Library. See Hayes, Rutherford Birchard; New York Pub- lic Library. TILE, a kind of thin slab of baked clay, used for covering roofs, paving floors, lining furnaces or ovens, construct- ing drains, etc. Tiles, both flat and curved, were in great, demand in Roman architecture. Roofs were covered with the flat and curved tiles alternating. Tiles are manufactured by a similar process to bricks. Roofing tiles are of two sorts, plain tiles and pantiles; the former are flat, and are usually made % inch in thickness, 10 >< inches long, 6^/4 wide. They weigh from 2 to 2^4 pounds each, and expose about one-half to the weath- er; 740 tiles cover 100 superficial feet. They are hung on the lath by two oak pins, inserted into holes made by the molder. Pantiles, first used in Flan- ders, have a wavy surface, lapping under and being overlapped by adjacent tiles of the same rank. Crown, ridge, hip, and valley tiles are semicylindrical, or segments of cylinders, used for the pur- poses indicated. Siding tiles are used as a substitute for weatherboarding. Holes are made in them when molding, and they are secured to the lath by flat-headed nails. The gauge or exposed face is sometimes indented, to repre- sent courses of brick. Fine mortar ia introduced between them when they rest on each other. Siding tiles are some- times called weather tiles and mathemat- ical tiles; these names are derived from their exposure or markings. They are variously formed, having curved or cre- nated edges, and various ornaments either raised or encaustic. Dutch tiles, for chimneys, are made of a whitish earth, glazed and painted with various figures. Draintiles are usually made in the form of an arch, and laid on flat tiles called soles. Paving tiles are usually square and thicker than those used for roofing. Galvanized iron tiles have been intro- duced in France. They are shaped like pantiles. In brass founding, the cover of a brass furnace, now made of iron, but formerly a flat tile. In metallurgy, a clay cover for a melting pot. As a slang term, a tall stiff hat; a tall silk hat, or one of that shape. TILEFISH, a fish discovered accident- ally by fishermen trawling for cod near Nantucket. It is a brilliantly colored fishj weighing from 10 to 30 pounds. TILESTON, MAEY WILDER, an American author, born in Salem, Mass., Aug. 20, 1843. She was the daughter of Caleb and Mary Wilder (White) Foote, and was married to John Boies Tileston in 1865. Among her many works are: "Quiet Hours," a book of poems (1874) ; "Selections from Marcus Aurelius An- toninus" (1876) ; "Selections from the Imitation of Christ" (1876); "The Blessed Life" (1878) ; "Selections from F6nelon" (1879); "Selections from Dr. John Tauler, (1882); "Heroic Ballads, (1883); "Daily Strength for Daily