TOWER OF LONDON 452 TOWNSEND rank. In the White Tower is the Chapel of St. John, which formerly held the records, one of the finest specimens of Early Norman style. The banqueting Hall and Council Chamber adjoining is used as an armory, and is filled with 60,- 000 stand of arms, kept in perfect order and beautifully arranged. Beauchamp Tower, which was restored in 1853 by Mr. Salvin, is to the W., and the Horse Armory to the S. The latter, built in 1826, contains a gallery 150 feet long by 33 feet wide, in which are 22 eques- trian figures clothed in the distinctive armor of the reigns from Edward I. to James II. A staircase from the Horse Arn¥)ry leads to an ante-chamber filled with weapons and trophies taken in Brit- ish struggles in the East. Queen Eliza- beth's Armory in the White Tower con- tains arms and armor of her reign, vari- ous instruments of torture, and the block on which Lord Lovat was beheaded. The Jewel House contains several crowns, in- cluding that for the coronation of Queen Victoria (valued at £111,900), the Kohi- roor diamond, and the diadems, scepters, and jewels constituting the Regalia. To the N. W. of the Tower is Tower Hill, where, till within about 150 years, stood the scaffold for the execution of traitors. TOWLE, GEORGE MAKEPEACE, an American author; born in Washington, D. C, Aug. 27, 1841; was graduated at Yale University in 1861, and at Harvard Law School in 1863. He was United States consul at Nantes, France, in 1866- 1868; and at Bradford, England, in 1868- 1870. His works include: "Glimpses of History" (1865); "Henry the Fifth" (1866); "American Society" (1870);
- 'The Eastern Question" (1877) ; "Ser-
via and Rumania" (1877) ; 'Beacons- field" (1878); "Young Folks' Heroes of History" (1878-1880 ) ; "Modern France" (1879) ; "Men of Mark" (1880) ; "England and Russia in Asia" (1885) ; "England in Egypt" (1885) ; "Literature of the English Language." He died in Brookline, Mass., Aug. 10, 1893. TOWNE, CHARLES HANSON, an American editor and author, bom in Louisville, Ky., in 1877. He studied one year at the New York City College, but soon after devoted himself to his literary work. Among his works are : "Youth and Other Poems"; "Jolly Jaunts with Jim"; and "Shaking Hands with England." In 1919 he wrote the English lyrics for Of- fenbach's opera "La Belle Helene." He is the editor of "For France" (1917); "The Balfour Visit" (1917); and has composed a number of songs, one of which is "The Magic Casement." For a while he was editor of "The Smart Set" Magazine, but in 1920 became edi- tor of McClure's Magazine. TOWNSEND, CHARLES ELROY, a United States senator, born in Concord, Jackson co., Mich., in 1856. Graduating from the University of Michigan, in 1878, he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1895. For a while he was Register of Deeds of Jackson co- In 1888 he was a delegate to the Re- publican National Convention, and in 1903 he was elected to Congress from the Second Michigan District, then re- elected for a second term. In 1910 he was nominated at the primaries, then, a year later, elected by the legislature to the United States Senate for the term 1911-1917 and again for 1917-1923. TOWNSEND, CHARLES HENRY TYLER, an American entomologist and biologist, born in Oberlin, Ohio, in 1863. He studied at the Columbian (now George Washington) University in Wash- ington, D. C.J at the School of Medicine, then became assistant entomologist in the United States Department of Agri- culture. In 1891 he became professor of entomology and zoology at the Agri- cultural College of New Mexico and the state experiment station. In 1909 he became permanent director of the ento- mological stations of the United States, and, in 1914, entomological assistant in the Bureau of Entomology of the United States Department of Agriculture. Since 1919 he has been chief entomologist of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. TOWNSEND, EDWARD WATER- MAN, an American author; bom in Cleveland, 0., Feb. 10, 1855. His stories and sketches, first printed in the daily journals, were collected under the titles: "Chimmie Fadden, Major Max, and Other Stories"; "Chimmie Fadden Explains, Major Max Expounds"; "A Daughter of the Tenements"; "Near a Whole City Full." In collaboration he wrote several plays: "Chimmie Fadden"; "Daughter of the Tenements"; "The Marquis of Michi- gan," "Beaver Creek Farm" (1907); "The Climbing Courvatells" (1909). TOWNSEND, GEORGE ALFRED, pseudonym Gath, an American war cor-* respondent; born in Georgetown, Del., Jan. 30, 1841. He became a journalist in 1860; was special correspondent for the New York "Herald" and New York "World" in 1860-1864; afterward public lecturer, and war correspondent in the Austro-Prussian War (1866). His pub- lications in book form are: "Campaigns of a Non-Combatant" (1865) ; "Life of Garibaldi" 1867) ; "Life of Abraham Lincoln" 1867); "The New World and
