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SPRINGFIELD 39 SPRUCE FIR ing, street railroad and electric light plants, St. John's Hospital, National and Confederate cemeteries, National and State banks, and daily and weekly news- papers. It has two extensive railroad shops, wagon and carriage factories, a foundry and iron works, and other in- dustrial plants. In the early part of the Civil War several battles occurred in the city and vicinity, in one of which (known as the battle of Wilson's Creek, Aug. 10, 1861), the Federal general, Nathaniel Lyon, was defeated and killed. Pop. (1910) 35,201; (1920) 39,631. SPRINGFIELD, a village in Union co., N. J.; on the Rahway river and on the Lackawanna railroad; 8 miles S. W. of Newark. It has several churches and manufactories of paper, shoes, and hats. Springfield is celebrated as the scene of a battle between the American and Brit- ish forces, June 23, 1780. The British, under General Knyphausen, advanced from Elizabethtown about 5 o'clock in the morning. They were opposed by Gen- eral Greene, but owing to the superior number of the enemy he was compelled to evacuate Springfield, which was then burned by the British. During the ac- tion the Rev. James Caldwell, chaplain in the New Jersey brigade, is said to have distributed the hymn books from the neighboring Presbjrterian Church among the soldiers for wadding, saying at the same time, "Now put Watts into them, boys." This battle prevented fur- ther advance on the part of the British. The American loss was about 72 and that of the British about 150. Pop. (1920) 1,715. SPRINGFIELD, a city and county- seat of Clarke co., O. ; on the Mad river and on the Detroit, Toledo, and Ironton, the Ohio Electric, the Erie, and the Cleveland, Cincinnati, and St. Louis rail- roads; 45 miles W. of Columbus. It is in a rich agricultural section. Here are a United States Government building, pub- lic library, Wittenberg College (Luth.), waterworks, a sewer system, street rail- road and electric light plants, numerous churches, hospitals, homes, several Na- tional and other banks, and daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. The city is noted for its extensive manufacture of agricultural implements. The other manufactures include electric motors, motor trucks, emery wheels, gas and gas- oline engines, automobile tires and tubes, etc. Pop. (1910) 46,921; (1920) 60,840. SPRING HILL COLLEGE, an educa- tional institution in Mobile, Ala.; found- ed in 1836 under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 24; students, 239; president, Rev. J. C. Kearns. SPRING-RICE, SIR CECIL AR- THUR, an English diplomat; born in 1859. He was educated at Oxford Uni- versity and entered the diplomatic serv- ice. He served as secretary of lega- tion at Brussels, Washington, Tokyo, Berlin, and Constantinople. From 1906 to 1908 he was minister and consul gen- eral to Persia, and from 1908 to 1912 minister to Sweden. He succeeded James Bryce as ambassador to the United States in the latter year. At the out- break of the World War he filled his difficult post in Washington with great tact. He died in 1918. SPRING VALLEY, a city of Illinois, in Bureau co., on the Illinois river and on the Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific, the Chicago and Northwestern, and the Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy rail- roads. It has a public library, high schools, and a hospital. Pop. (1910) 7,- 035; (1920) 6,493. SPROUL, WILLIAM CAMERON, an American manufacturer and public offi- cial, born in Octoraro, Lancaster co., Pa., in 1870. He was educated at Swarth- more College. He received honorary degrees from Franklin and Marshall College, Pennsylvania College, La- fayette College, Pennsylvania Military College, the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Pittsburgh. He was the organizer and president of va- rious manufacturing concerns in Ches- ter Pa., also organized and developed numerous railroads, mining, traction, and power enterprises in West Virginia, held an active interest in many banks, and owned the Chester, Pa., "Daily Times" and "Morning Republican." Beginning with 1896, he was a member of the Penn- sylvania State Senate for a period of 22 years, serving as president pro tern. from 1903 to 1905. In 1919 he was elected to a four-year term as governor of Pennsylvania. He was a member of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and of numerous patriotic and social so- cieties and clubs. SPRUCE FIR, in botany, a popular name for many species of the genus Abies, specifically A. excelsa, a fine ever- green which sometimes reaches a height of 150 feet, with a straight, though not very thick trunk and a regular pyra- midal form. Leaves scattered equally round the twigs; four-cornered, mucro- nate, dull green; cones cylindrical, pen- dulous, with blunt, sinuate, slightly