162
��INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AMERICAN LINGUISTICS
��VOL. I
��The diminutive is usually formed by a re- duplication of the stem exclusive of the con- sonant following the vowel. In contradistinc- tion to the shorter type of plural reduplication the accent of the diminutive is ordinarily thrown backward with the effect of reducing the vowel of the reduplicated syllable.
ni'chemen, SAW; dim., ni'nchemen p. 413-4
(pl.= nchni'chemen) smo'lemen, LANCE; dim., slmo'mlemen p. 530
(1 = diminutive prefix)
(pl.= smlmo'lemen) se'me, WHITE MAN; dim., se'seme p. 499
(pl.= s'mse'me) ske'ltich, FLESH, BODY; dim., slka'kaltich p. 274
(pl.= skalke'ltich) moko, MOUNTAIN; dim., tmmo'ko p. 398
(pl.= mkomo'k) szotem, BULL; dim., slzo' ztem p. 544
(pl.= sz'lzo'lem)
sko'i, MOTHER; dim., slko'koi p. 292 golko, WHEEL; dim., tgo'glko p. 184 sne'ut, WIND; dim., slne'neut p. 411 skaltemi'gu, MAN |
kakaltemi'gu, A LITTLE FISH J P' 2 ?5 gal, BRIGHT; dim., i-lgaga'l p. 137 cheep, SOFT; dim., chche'p p. 44 ike'ikgui, I DRIVE FOR A LITTLE DISTANCE p. 270
(keig (root)=TO DRIVE) chin-nana'sshin, MY FOOT is A LITTLE WET p. 406
(nas[root]= WET) hia'nkoi, i STEAL A LITTLE p. 404
(nako (root)=TO STEAL)
The diminutive prefix I is not always asso- ciated with the diminutive reduplication, for instance :
smo'mshin, MARE; dim., stmo'mshin p. 386
For a discussion of I see Giorda I, p. 351.
Certain verbal and nominal suffixes are almost invariably associated with the re- duplicated form of the stem. The type of reduplication occurring with them is usually the longer plural one.
With the verbal ending -t:
che'chilt, NAUSEATING p. 50
ku'skust, WONDERFUL p. 333
koi'lkoh, LIVELY p. 295
pelpa'lkot, AFFECTIONATE p. 452
koi'mkomt, A QUICK WORKER p. 295
��-t with the diminutive reduplication : Ikake'iet, NARROW p. 352
With the suffix -u}, denoting "the person who does something:"
SUSUnu't, ONE WHO LIKES TO ASK QUESTIONS p. 50!
seu(root)=TO ASK nlkalkalshu'J, A PROSTITUTE p. 355 kaikaimu'l, ONE WHO WRITES MUCH p. 254
kai= (root) TO WRITE npelpelskcligu'}, MURDERER p. 474 But: popolsemu'}, ONE WHO ESPECIALLY KILLS
ANIMALS
pols(root)= TO KILL
With -(s)nug, TO BE WORTHY OF: npupusnu'g, WORTH LOVING p. 487
pus (root)=TO LOVE
ngutgut't'snu'g, WORTHY OF ANGER p. 211 iaiaasnu'g, ONE WHO INSPIRES AWE p. 220 iguigusnug, WORTHY OF COMPASSION p. 230
With -nueg, which denotes reciprocity:
kaes-ngalgalnue'gui, WE FRIGHTEN ONE ANOTHER p. 158
It is noteworthy that the plural reduplica- tion never seems to be used with the frequenta- tive suffix -luisi:
chines-gei'lshemlui'si, i GO NOW AND THEN TO
STEAL HORSES p. 155
The plural is sometimes expressed by an ex- tension of the stem- vowel: chines-chiulshi, i CLIMB UP 1 kaes-chue'ulshi, WE CLIMP UP ] p ' she'utem, LARGE GIRL; pi., shue'utem 1 sheshu'tem, LITTLE GIRL; pi., sheushu'tem } P- ^ IO skue'st, NAME; skue'est, NAMES OF ONE PERSON (skuskue'st, NAMES OF SEVERAL PERSONS) p. 324
This extension of the stem-vowel is also used to denote inchoative action:
Zli'sh, IT GOT WARM p. 630
zish= WARM es-tiimi', IT is BECOMING WET p. 569
tim= WET
The formation of the plurals of diminutives is interesting. Giorda's material seems to show clearly that they are never formed by means of a double reduplication. The follow- ing examples show that they are derived from the reduplicated form of the diminutive, the
�� �
