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��INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AMERICAN LINGUISTICS
��VOL. I
��From Mengarini's "Flathead Grammar" (Grammatica Linguae Selicae) it is clear that the plural and diminutive forms of this dialect are the same as those of Kalispelm. See for instance :
Plural:
skoi, MOTHER; pi., skoikoi esmo'ck, MOUNTAIN; pi., esmkmo'ck sko'lchemu's, CHEEK; pi., sko'lchammu's
Diminutives:
eslmmo'ck, SMALL MOUNTAIN she'shu'tem, SMALL GIRL
IgOglko, SMALL WHEEL Slko'koi, SMALL MOTHER
��QUINAULT
Dr. Leo Frachtenberg has studied the form- ation of the diminutive and of the plural in this dialect. He has kindly permitted me the use of his manuscript. He has established the interesting fact that the process of reduplica- tion is practically absent in this Salish dialect.
The only clear case of reduplication in Quinault is the following:
ki'utan, HORSE
tci'Lla'k!" kigwe"tan, i HAVE GOOD HORSES
Possibly the following may also suggest the presence of a reduplication provided one pos- tulates the change of y to dj in the reduplicated syllable:
xwa' yi'lEn, KNIFE
ta' an letc! xwe' idjelEn, MY SHARP KNIVES
In the vocabulary collected by Dr. Boas it may be that tce'l.tceltc u , SPINSTER, is a re- duplicated form.
From Frachtenberg's material it is plain that the plural in Quinault is formed either by the particle xwe, MANY, or the suffix -elma'.
sqe'qlnat, WOMAN; pi., xwe sqeqe'lnal
ma'qsin, NOSE; pi., ma'qsinelma'
The diminutive is formed, in addition to a suffixed o, by means of a change of the stem- vowel. This change consists ordinarily either
��in replacing a simple vowel by an echoed one or by simply introducing a glottal stop.
qa'yis, STONE; dim., qa'aiso
si'plEn, AXE; dim., si'pte'no
tell, HIGH; dim., tci'il
The same type of vowel-extension is ob- served in the word kwaiai'El, INFANT, which is common to Satsep, Upper Chehalis, and Cowlitz. It is the diminutive form of kwai'il, YOUNG.
��SNOHOMISH
The reduplications of this dialect were re- corded by the writer during his field-work among the Snohomish and Snuqualmi in the fall of 1916.
The plural is formed almost without excep- tion by a repetition of the stem including the consonant following the vowel. The vowel of the reduplicating syllable remains the same as that of the simplex.
klo'spt, TROUT (k!wa'spl Snuqualmi); pi., k!o'sk!spl
L!x u ai", DOG-SALMON; pi., L!x u L!x"ai"
Lltcets, BOW; pi., L!a'tcL!atcit8
sqEbai", DOG; pi., sqEbqbai"
tS'sid, ARROW; pi., te'stesid
steqa'yu", WOLF; pi., stEqtqa'yu'
stcE'txud, BEAR; pi., stcE'ttctxud
yixEla', EAGLE; pi., yix u yix"Ela'
cau', BONE; pi., cau"cau'
Lle'lbid, CANOE; pi., Lle'lLlelbid
xk!o'dcEd, FOOT; pi., x"k!o'dk!odcEd
tca'las, ARM; pi., tca'ltcElas
t'klo's, OWL; pi., t'kt'klo's
sqlEbia', SKUNK (sqtebio" Snuqualmi);
pi., sq!E'bq!bia
tcia'lasats, FERN; pi., tcla'ltclElasats k!"a'lu, SKIN; pi., k! u a'lk!"Elu
SpEtCO', BASKET; pi., SpE'tCptCO
axa', GOOSE; pi., 'ax'axa' spo'k u ab, HILL; pi., spo'kp5k u ab stcEbe'dats, FIR; pi., stcEbtcEbe'dats xpai' CEDAR; pi., xEpxpai" k u ag"e'dtcEd, ELK; pi., k"ag u k u ag u e'dtcEd sk!"aqe'q, ROBIN; pi., sk!"aqk! u aqe'q xebxeb, HAWK; pi., xebxebxeb so'pqs, SEAL; pi., so'psopqs sqe'xa', WOOL DOG; pi., sqe'xqexa' a'lal, HOUSE; pi., a'lalal
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