If it is proved that the senate of the United States, neither is nor was intended to be. an aristocratical body, but
the representative of the political beings called states, as
parties to the general government, upon democratical. equal
or self governing principles; it follows. that it is organized
upon the self same principles of equality, democracy, representation or self government, which pervade our whole policy. It is the representative of the moral or political beings
called states, as the other branch of the legislature is, of the
people; and it votes by the rule of majority. It is the band
of the union by preserving equal rights to great and small
states, as a fair government does to rich and poor men; and
it so far receives our eulogy.
But so far from intending to weaken the objection against the long period for which its members are chosen, the considerations which entitle the senate to our approbation, shed new force upon it.
If the senate is the representative of the beings called states, why should it not be at least as amenable to the will of its constituents, as the representatives of the people? The publick good is as deeply involved in the rights of states, as in the rights of individuals. The states have been made parties to the Union by the people; and powers necessary to preserve the rights with which they are intrusted for the publick good, could not have been designedly, withheld.
Those most strenuous for the aristocratical complexion of the senate, are most deeply impressed with the fear of frequent elections; and yet they are willing to allow to the people a frequency of election, which they deny to the state governments. What do they confess that governments are worse electors than the people? Or if they deduce the supposed aristocratical spirit of the senate, from a supposed aristocratical spirit in its electors, is the danger three times greater from aristocratical, than from popular electors? If to the simple computation of time, we add the difference of responsibility, between a gradual and an entire
