would be added to the contention of the petitioners that there exists power for each house to select its own officers and employees and to fix their salaries. It may be noted, however, that the provision quoted refers to the powers necessary and usual in the Legislative Assembly. This means the power and the action of both the Senate and the House. In a former Constitution of Ohio there was a clause which provided that each house should have all powers necessary for a branch of the Legislature of a free and independent state. In a later amended Constitution the provision was that each house should have all of the powers necessary to provide for its own safety and the undisturbed transaction of its business. In State v. Guilbert, 75 Ohio St. 78 N. E. 931, 935, the court noted that there was a much broader grant of power in the former constitution than in the latter, and that the later provision operated as a limitation upon the powers of each house. If the contentions of the petitioners are recognized to their full extent, the action of one branch of the Legislative Assembly in selecting its officers and employees and determining their salaries is paramount to any expression of the legislative power by the Legislative Assembly, or through legislative enactment otherwise designating the officers and employees of each house and their salaries. To the contention that each house must necessarily possess the inherent and implied power to designate its own employees and fix their salaries without interference by the other house, or by legislative enactment, in order to give it the ability to function and perform its duties, the answer may be made that the sovereign expression of the people is to be found in the constitution and legislative enactment pursuant thereto, and to the concession made that under the express provision of the constitution, salaries may not be paid to public employees of each house unless there exists an appropriation by legislative enactment. See Ex parte Wolters, 64 Tex. Cr. R. 238, 144 S. W. 531, 586, Ann. Cas. 1916B, 1071.
In specific language the Constitution grants to the Legislative Assembly the exercise of legislative power. This is an express grant of power. When expressed, this legislative power is paramount, unless contrary to constitutional provisions. It must be apparent that this legislative power extends to the appointment of officers and employees of each branch of the Legislative Assembly and to the fixing and determination of their salaries unless there be a constitutional provision to the contrary. Accordingly it would appear that the voice of the sovereign will, expressed either in the constitution or in legislative enactment pursuant to express
