different epochs of Greek history, and even in the same epoch among different portions of the race" (Vol. I, p. 256). S. maintains that moral standards in Greece were more uniform than habits of life, consequently he disagrees with Davidson, when his critic says, "the morality of Corinth and Sybaris was altogether different from that of Athens or Sparta." For, says S., the intelligent Sybarite estimated the virtues, which he did not practise, much as the Athenian did.
S. allows differences of time to be of greater importance in determining types of morals than differences of locality. But at the same time he claims that the salient features of Greek ethics in the various periods of Hellenic history are much the same, and that to treat the subject in epochs would therefore offer serious difficulties; that there is much in which the people of Greece from Homer to the rise of the Roman emperors are an ethical unit. The Greek of the age of Homer, as well as of the age of Solon and Plato, agreed in the necessity of paying special honor to the dead, etc.; the Peripatetics maintain the views of old Greece on the family and state. In this way S. seeks to show that later Greece so rests on older Greece that it is not possible to mark off independent ethical periods; that, in a word, the ethics of Greece, omitting certain minor features, is a unit.
Scholia of the Geneva Ilias, formerly in possession of H. Stephanas, and this year for the first time published, contain a quotation from Xenophanes' work περὶ φύσεως. It is quoted by Krates of Mallos as a parallel to Homer Il. Φ. 195, and is as follows:
πηγὴ δ' ἐστι θάλασσ' ὕδατος, πηγὴ δ' ἀνέμοιο
οὔτε γὰρ ἐν νέφεσι (πνοιαί κ' ἀνέμοιο φύοιντο
ἐκπνείοντος) ἔσωθεν ἄνευ πόντου μεγάλοιο
οὔτε ῥοαὶ ποταμῶν οὔτ' αἰθέρος ὄμβριον ἵδωρ
ἀλλὰ μέγας πόντος γενέτωρ νεφέων ἀνέμων τε
καὶ ποταμῶν. (Schol. Genev. I, 199, 2 ff.)
The lacuna in lines 2 and 3 is filled out by Diels.
The fragment of Hippon quoted by Krates as a parallel to the same passage of the Ilias is valuable chiefly as a justification of the "φορτικόν" of Aristotle.
I. In the passage of Seneca Nat. quast. IV, 2, 22, which gives the view of Thales on the yearly rise of the Nile, T. defends mox and
