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Jap. kuruma, a wheel, guruguru, in a circle, Gr. guros, a circle; Lat. gyrus; Engl. wheel.

Jap. kakusu, to hide, kage, a shadow, concealment, shelter, Lat. cæcus, blind; Dutch, hoek, a corner.

Jap. kobu, a wen; Engl. hump; Gr. kuphos.

Jap. kubo, hollow; Latin cavus.

Jan. kasumi, a mist; Engl. haze.

Jap. kata, hard; Engl. hard.

Jap. kagi, a hook; Engl. hook.

Jap. kakeru, to hang; Engl. hang.

Jap. kiku, to hear; Engl. hark.

The Japanese m is usually b or p in European languages as:

Jap. maru, a ball; Engl. ball.

Jap. moto, bottom; Engl. bottom.

Jap. makeru, to be beaten, magaru, to be bent, makaru, to retire; Engl. bow; Ger. beugen; Lat. fugio; Gr. pheugō.

Jap. mina, all; Gr. pan.

Jap. muchi, a whip, butsu, to beat; Engl. beat.

N is the negative sound in Japanese as well as in European languages. It appears in ina, no, inamu, to refuse naki, not, the na of the neg. imperative etc. The use of n for negatives in European languages is too well known to require illustration.

There is no more essential part of a language than its system of pronouns, and it is therefore important to see if any resemblances can be traced in these parts of speech in Japanese and the Aryan languages. The following considerations seem to indicate a possible connection. Taking the oldest forms of the Japanese personal pronouns and stripping them of terminations, we have for the first personal pronoun a, for the second na, and for the third ka. These is no difficulty in supposing a to be identical with the Sanskrit aham, Greek egō, Lat. ego, Ger. ich and the Engl. I. The final guttural which is found in all these languages except English may easily have been lost in Japanese as it has been in English. There are numerous other cases in which gutturals are lost in Japanese, as for