Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume I.djvu/565

ANNE OF BKITTANY ANNESLEY 533 king at "Whitehall, Jan. 25, 1533, by Dr. Lee, one of the royal chaplains. She had already for three years resided in the palace and been Henry's constant companion, and a few months before the wedding had been created marchio- ness of Pembroke. The divorce question was now brought into the ecclesiastical court of Canterbury, where Cranmer had been created archbishop on purpose to decide it. In May he pronounced the marriage with Catharine null from the beginning, and Anne the lawful wife of his majesty ; and on June 1 her corona- tion was performed with great pomp. Three months later was born the princess Elizabeth, whose subsequent reign shed so much splendor upon English history. The life of the court while Anne shared the throne was gay and easy ; and when Henry began to tire of her and find stronger attractions in Jane Seymour, it was not difficult to convict Anne of improprie- ties, to say no worse. A committee, including with other lords her own father, appointed to inquire into her conduct (April, 1536), reported her incontinent with Brereton, Norris, and Wes- ton of the privy chamber, Smeaton, the king's musician, and even her own brother, Lord Kochford. All the accused were sent at once to the tower. Anne was tried by a commis- sion of peers under the presidency of her uncle, the duke of Norfolk, and found guilty, partly on the confession of Smeaton, though she her- self and the other prisoners protested innocence to the last. Cranmer was compelled to pro- nounce her marriage with Henry null and void, as he had formerly pronounced Catharine's. Her prison hours were spent in alternations of composure and excitement ; but on the scaffold she conducted herself with queenly dignity. Smeaton was hanged, and the other four ac- cused were beheaded. ANNE OF BRITTANY, queen of France, born in Nantes, June 26, 1476, died in the castle of Blois, Jan.. 9, 1514. She was the daughter and heiress of Francis II., duke of Brittany. That duchy was her dowry on the marriage with Charles VIII., son of Louis XI. of France, Dec. 6, 1491, and thus became incorporated with France. She was previously affianced to Max- imilian of Austria, but her guardian, Louis XL, dissolved the engagement, and thus as- sured the aggrandizement of his kingdom and family. After the death of Charles VIII. , in 1498, she married his successor, Louis XII., and exercised a great influence over her hus- band and all around her. She was an example of virtue and industry, and administered the kingdom with ability during the campaigns of her husbands in Italy. ANNE OF CLEVES, daughter of Duke John III., and fourth wife of Henry VIII. of England, died at Chelsea, July 16, 1557. To please the Protestant party, and to make friends among the Protestant German princes, Henry wedded her with reluctance, Jan. 6, 1540, but divorced her in July of the same year, and settled upon her an annuity of 3,000. ANNECY, an old town of Savoy, capital of the French department of Haute-Savoie, pleas- antly situated near the lake of its name, 22 m. S. of Geneva; pop. in 1866, 11,551. It has various factories, cotton-spinning mills, glass and iron works, and is the seat of a bishop. St. Francis de Sales was born here, and his relics are preserved in St. Mary's church. ANNELIDA (Lat. annellus, a small ring), red- blooded worms, such as the earth worm, the lug worm, and the leech. They are the only section of invertebrate animals which have red blood. They form an extensive class, sub- divided into four orders by Milne-Edwards. The body has an elongated form, with distinct, soft, semi-cartilaginous annulations, connected together by longitudinal oblique muscles, en- abling the animals to twist themselves in various directions. The whole is covered with a moist skin, indicating by slight segments the soft annuli beneath. The first segment is fur- nished with a mouth, and in some species with eyes and tentacles; the last segment is fur- nished in some cases with bristle-like appen- dages, and in others, as in the leech, it is dilated into a sucker. Each segment has usual- ly minute setae, or spines, which are useful in locomotion. In some species vascular tufts are observed, which serve as respiratory organs. There is a system of veins and arteries. The nervous system consists of ganglia, united by means of a double nervous cord. Each in- dividual is bisexual. The common or earth worms seek safety by retiring into holes which they bore in soft earth, mud, or sand. The sabella, and terebella of the seashore aggluti- nate around them particles of sand and of broken shells to form a case in which they dwell. The serpula exudes a calcareous secre- tion to form a long twisted tube, in which the animal resides, and from which it protrudes its head and respiratory tufts. The four orders of this class are : 1, the dorsibrancMata, or er- rantes, including the sea centipedes and sea mice; 2, the tubicolce, which include those that live in tubes, as the serpula; 3, the ter- ricolce, including the common earth worm; and 4, the suctorice, having suctorial disks, as the leech. From the recent researches of Prof. Edward S. Morse, it appears that the brachiopoda come near the tubiculous anne- lids ; and he therefore removes them from the mollusca to the annelid division of articulata. ANNESLEY, Arthur, first earl of Anglesey, born in Dublin in 1614, died April 6, 1686. He was the eldest son of Sir Francis Annesley, after- ward Baron Mountnorris [and Viscount of Va- lentia. He was among the loyal members who met in the parliament summoned by Charles I. at Oxford in 1643. The royal cause having become almost hopeless, he joined the par- liamentarians, and was one of the three com- missioners appointed to settle the affairs of Ireland in 1645. He took an active part in the restoration of Charles II., and in 1661 was created Baron Annesley and earl of Anglesey