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HUDSON HUDSON RIVER 29 was seized and placed with his son and seven others who remained faithful to him in an open boat, and abandoned. His fate was revealed by one of the mutineers, and an expedition was sent from England in quest of him, but no trace of him was ever discovered. " A Collection of Documents forming a Monograph of the Voyages of Henry Hudson," edited, with an introduction, by George Asher, was published in London by the Hakluyt society in 1860. See also a "Historical Inquiry concerning Henry Hudson," by J. M. Read, jr. (Albany, 1866). Ill ls(, Henry Norman, an American essayist, born in Cornwall, Vt., Jan. 28, 1814. His early youth was passed on a farm ; from his 18th to his 21st year he lived in Middlebury as an ap- prentice at the trade of coachmaking, during which time he prepared himself for college. He graduated at Middlebury college in 1840, and went to Kentucky, where he remained a year engaged in teaching, an occupation which he subsequently followed for two years in Huntsville, Ala. Having during this time ap- plied himself especially to the study of Shake- speare, he wrote and delivered at Huntsville a course of lectures on the great dramatist, which he subsequently delivered in different parts of the country, and finally printed (2 vols. 12mo, New York, 1848). In 1844 he became a com- municant of the Episcopal church, and was or- dained to the priesthood in New York in 1849. He has since edited the works of Shakespeare (11 vols. 12mo, Boston, 1850-'57), and for a short time edited the "Churchman." He was rector of the Episcopal church in Litchfield, Conn., in 1859 and 1860. In the winter of 1860-'61 he delivered a new course of Shake- spearian lectures. During the civil war he was a chaplain in the army, and subsequently taught school in Boston, and for two years edited the "Saturday Evening Gazette." He has published " A Chaplain's Campaign with Gen. Butler" (1865), a " School Shakespeare" (1870), " Shakespeare, his Life, Art, and Char- acters" (1872), and "Sermons" (1874). HUDSON, Jeffery. See DWARF. HUDSON BAY, an inland sea of British North America, between lat. 51 and 64 N., and Ion. 77 and 95 W. It is of irregular shape, 850 m. long N. and S., and 600 m. broad. Its S. extremity is called James bay. In its mouth, at the northeast, lies Southampton island ; out- side of this it communicates with Davis strait by means of Hudson strait, and E. of South- ampton island Fox channel extends N. The coasts are generally high, rocky, and rugged. The depth of the middle of the bay has been taken at 150 fathoms, but it is probably more. Southampton island is formed of high rocky masses, and seems to be composed of several small islands separated by straits, always closed however by ice. There are many other islands, and many reefs and sand banks. The princi- pal rivers flowing into the bay are the Great Whale river, on the E. coast ; the Main, Abbi- tabbe, Moose, and Albany, into James bay ; and the Weenisk, Severn, Hayes, Nelson, Churchill, and Seal, on the W. coast. It was formerly supposed that there were two tides in the bay, one from the east and another from the west ; and this error led to the belief in a channel communicating with the western sea, which was thought to be not far distant. Navigation is possible only during two months, the bay being completely frozen over or obstructed by drift ice during the rest of the year. Before the navigation of the bay was understood, it was usual to take two seasons for a voyage from England; nd the captain who succeeded in returning the same year was awarded a prize of 50. Accounts differ ns to the abundance of fish in Hudson bay. The Hudson bay com- pany gave little attention to fisheries, yet the white whale is found there, and the whale fishery was once of considerable importance. HUDSON BAY TEBRITORY. See NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. HUDSON RIVER, in New York, one of the most beautiful and important rivers in the United States. Its remote sources are in the Adirondack mountains, in the N. E. part of the state, more than 4,000 ft. above the sea. Its principal head streams rise in Hamilton and Es- sex cos., serving as the outlets to a great num- ber of small highland lakes. Several of these streams unite in the S. W. part of Essex co., and the river formed by their junction flows in a tortuous course S. E. to about the centre of Warren co., where it receives the outlet of Schroon lake on the east, about 8 m. W. of the S. part of Lake George. It runs from this point nearly S. to the town of Corinth, on the boundary between Warren and Saratoga cos., receiving on its way the Sacondaga river from the west, and some smaller streams, and then turns sharply to the east, following that gene- ral direction with several bends until it reaches Glen's Falls, where it has a fall of 50 ft. Soon after passing this point it sweeps around to the south, and flows in that direction with little deviation to its mouth, a distance of about 190 m., separating Washington, Rensselaer, Colum- bia, Dutchess, Putnam, Westchester, and New York cos., on the east, from Saratoga, Albany, Greene, Ulster, Orange, and Rockland cos., and the state of New Jersey on the west. From Glen's Falls to Troy its course is much broken by rapids, but at the latter place, 151 m. from its mouth, it is affected by the tide and becomes a broad, deep, sluggish stream. From Albany, 6 m. below Troy, its general width is from 800 to 700 yards, though it greatly exceeds this in certain places. Its banks are elevated and picturesque throughout nearly its whole course. The upper part of the river is bordered by gen- tle eminences, covered with cultivated fields, interspersed with pleasant towns and villages, while in Greene and Ulster cos. its valley is bounded W. by the Catskill mountains, which in the former approach within 7 in. of the river. A short distance below Newburgh, Cl m. from New York, it begins its passage through