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522 JAMESON JAMES RIVER and was one of the pretexts for Alberoni's preparations for an invasion of England. In 1719 he married the princess Sobieski of Po- land; and in 1720 his eldest son, Charles Ed- ward, the hero of the enterprise of 1745, was born at Rome. In 1722 he issued from Lucca a strange manifesto, proposing that if George would deliver to him the throne of his fathers, he would bestow upon George the title of king in his native dominions and invite all other states to confirm it. In 1725 his wife, with whom he had lived unhappily, retired to a con- vent, and during his latter years he led a quiet and pious life in Rome. See J. H. Jesse, " Me- moirs of the Pretenders and their Adherents." JAMESON, Anna, a British authoress, born in Dublin, May 19, 1797, died in London, March 17, 1860. Her father, Mr. Murphy, was paint- er in ordinary to the princess Charlotte, and from him she derived her enthusiasm for art and intimate acquaintance with its technicali- ties. At the age of 27 she married Mr. Jame- son, a barrister, who soon after received a gov- ernment appointment in Canada. The mar- riage proved unhappy, and was soon practical- ly if not legally dissolved. She then made a tour through France, Italy, and Germany, and in 1826 published anonymously her "Diary of an Ennuyee," a work recording her experi- ences of travel. She published in 1829 " Loves of the Poets " (2 vols. 8vo), a series of sketches showing the influence which women have ex- ercised on poetic minds; in 1831, "Lives of Celebrated Female Sovereigns " (2 vols.) ; and in 1832, " Characteristics of Women " (2 vols.), containing disquisitions on the female charac- ters in Shakespeare's plays. Her next work was " Beauties of the Court of Charles II.," consisting of letterpress illustrations of engra- vings from copies of the original pictures by Sir Peter Lely, made by her father at the desire of the princess Charlotte. It was followed by "Visits and Sketches at Home and Abroad," a collection of miscellanies, including a new edi- tion of her " Diary of an Ennuy6e." She sub- sequently visited Canada and a portion of the United States, recording her experiences in " Winter Studies and Summer Rambles in Canada " (3 vols., 1838), and in 1840 published a translation entitled " Pictures of the Social Life of Germany " (2 vols.), as represented in the dramas of her friend the duchess Amalie of Saxony. In 1840 the series of works on art, by which she gained her chief literary honors, properly commences with a translation of a work on the life and genius of Rubens by Dr. Waagen. It was followed by a " Hand- book to the Public Galleries of Art in and near London " (2 vols., 1842), and a " Companion to the Private Galleries of Art in London" (1844). In 1845 appeared her "Memoirs of the Early Italian Painters, and of the Progress of Painting in Italy from Cimabue to Bas- sano" (2 vols. 18mo), containing 30 biog- raphies, which cover a period of about three centuries. A new edition containing addition- al biographies and other matter appeared in London in 1859. Her next publication, "Me- moirs and Essays on Art, Literature, and So- cial Morals " (1846), contains a paper on the works and genius of Washington Allston. A more elaborate work than any of the preceding was her " Sacred and Legendary Art " (2 vols. 8vo, 1848), which, with the " Legends of the Monastic Orders " (1850), and " Legends of the Madonna" (1852), had employed her for many years. In this series she sought to trace the progress of sacred art, to explain the symboli- cal form in which the old masters clothed their ideas, and to indicate the purity and beauty of their conceptions. Her numerous skilful etchings from original pictures, illustra- ting her subject, combine to render the series a most valuable contribution to the history of art. Her remaining works are : a " Common- place Book of Thoughts, Memories, Fancies," &c. (1854); "Sisters of Charity Abroad and at Home" (1855), the substance of a lecture; and " The History of our Lord as exemplified in Works of Art" (vol. i., 1860 ; vol. ii., chief- ly by Lady Eastlake, 1864). JAMESON, Robert, a Scottish naturalist, born in Leith, July 11, 1774, died April 17, 1854. He studied medicine in the university of Edin- burgh, and after some mineralogical explora- tions in Scotland went in 1800 to Freiberg, and became a pupil of Werner, whose geologi- cal dogmas he adopted with enthusiasm. Re- turning to Edinburgh in 1804, he was soon after appointed professor of natural history in the university of that city, a position which he held until his death. For many years he was an active advocate of the Wernerian theory, but finally adopted and taught that of Hutton. His publications are purely scientific, and in- clude manuals of instruction, and many con- tributions to scientific journals. Ifis most elaborate works are his " System of Mineralo- gy " (3 vols., 1804-'8), and " External Char- acters of Minerals " (1805). In 1819 he estab- lished the " Edinburgh Philosophical Journal," of which for many years he was the sole edi- tor. He is also the author of the articles on " Geology," "Mineralogy," and " Organic Re- mains " in the " Encyclopedia Britannica." JAMESONE, George, a Scottish painter, born in Aberdeen in 1586, died in Edinburgh in 1644. He was a fellow pupil with Vandyke in the studio of Rubens, and is called by Walpole " the Vandyke of Scotland." Little is known of his career, save that it was prosperous. His pictures are found in many old family mansions in Scotland, and among his sitters was Charles I. on the occasion of his visit to Edinburgh in 1633. He occasionally painted history and landscape, and is said to have illuminated a manuscript on the life of Christ. JAMES RIVER, the largest stream which has its whole course in the state of Virginia. It is formed near the W. border of the state, on the border of Alleghany and Botetourt cos., by the union of Jackson and Cowpasture rivers, and