Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 2.djvu/82

GADDESDEN, LITTLE. 74 GAINSBOROUGH. its post town, and 8 S. of Dunstable. The Berkhamp- stead station, on the London and North-Western line of railway, is about 3 miles S.W. of the village. The par. is situated on the river Gade (hence its name), and includes the hmlts. of Gaddesden-Row and Water End. In Domesday Survey it is spelled Gadesdene. The sur- face is hilly, and the soil clay alternated with flint. The manor was given by Edmund, Duke of Cornwall, to Ashridge College, and afterwards passed to the Egerton family. The living is a vie. in the dioc. of Rochester, val. 220. The church is an ancient edifice in the Norman style of architecture, with a modern tower, and the whole has been recently restored. It is dedi- cated to St. John the Baptist, and contains monuments of the Egerton and Halsley families. The register commences about the year 1550. The endowments realise a little over 30 per annum. The Independents and Wesleyans have each a chapel, and there is a paro- chial school. This was the birthplace of John de Gad- desden, mentioned by Chaucer. Gaddesden Park and Gaddesden Place are the principal residences. GADDESDEN, LITTLE, a par. in the hund. and co. as above, 2 miles N.W. of Great Gaddesden, and 4 N. of Berkhampstead, its post town and railway station. It is situated in the vicinity of the river Gade and the Grand Junction canal. At a short distance from tho village is Crawley Wood, which, being on high ground, is visible from a considerable distance. The straw plait manufacture is carried on. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Rochester, val. 302. The church is a neat structure with square embattled tower, dedicated to Sy. Peter and Paul. It contains memorials of the Eger- ton family of whom, among many interred here, was Francis Duke of Bridgewater, the great patron of in- land navigation. The register commences in 1681. The charitable endowments produce about 33 per annum. Here is a National school for both sexes, partly endowed. Ashridge House is the seat of Earl Brownlow, who is lord of. the manor. GADE, a small river of Herts, uniting with the Colne near Rickmansworth. GADGIRTH HOLM AND BANKFOOT, a vil. in the par. of Coylton, Ayrshire, Scotland, 5 miles E. of Ayr. GAER, a tnshp. in the par. of Castle Caereinion, co. Montgomery, 4 miles S.W. of Welshpool. It is situated near an old Roman fortification, from which circumstance it derives its name, Gaer, or Caer, signifying a camp. GAERIBEN, a vil. in the par. of Llanfihangel Escei- fiog, co. Anglesea, North Wales, 7 miles N.W. of Bangor. GAFFLOGIAN HUNDRED, one of the subdivisions of Carnarvonshire, North Wales. It is situated in the south-western part of the co., and contains the borough of PwDheli, and the purs, of Bottwnog, Garn-giwch, Denio, Llau-bedrog, Llanfihangel-Bachellaeth, Llan- gian, Penrhos, and part of Llannor. ( GAFRIW, a hmlt. in the par. of Llanarth, co. Car- digan, South Wales, 4 miles S.E. of Aberaeron. GAGINGWELL, a hmlt. in the par. of Enstone, hund. of Chadlington, co. Oxford, 6 miles N.W. of Woodstock. GAILE, a par. in the bar. of Middlethird, co. Tippe- rary, Ireland, 5 miles S.S.W. of Thurles. Holycross is its post town. The parish extends into the Suir valley. The soil is generally good, and much of the bog has been reclaimed. The living is a rect. in the dioc. of Cashel, val. with Holycross, 173, in the patron, of the bishop. Gaile House, the principal residence, is seated at the foot of Killough Hill. There are some remains of the old church still standing. The road from Thurles to Cashel traverses the interior. GAIN FORD, a par. in the ward of Darlington, co.' palatine Durham, 4 miles S.E. of Staindrop, and 8 N.W. of Darlington, its post town. The village is situated on the N. bank of the river Tees, and consists of one spa- cious street, extending along the high road parallel with the river. The par. includes the chplry. of Barnard Castle, and the tnshps. of Pierce Bridge, where there is a railway station, Denton, Houghton-el-Side, Streatlam, Westwick, Whorlton, and several other less important places. The manor and lands formerly belonged the Baliol family, and constituted a seigniory. O and limestone are obtained here, and there are seve: mineral springs. In the village is a good literary institut with a library and reading-room. The lord of the mani holds courts leet and baron monthly in the court-hom at Barnard Castle. The living is a vie. in the dioc. of Durham, val. 768, in the patron, of Trinity College, Cambridge. The church is an ancient structure, ori- ginally built by Egfrid, Bishop of Lindisfarne, but subse- quently much altered and repaired. It is dedicated to St. Mary, and contains some old brasses. There are also the following district churches viz. Barnard Castle, a perpet. eur.,* val. 224 ; Denton, a perpet. cur., val. 60, and Whorlton, a perpet. cur., val. 107 all of them in the gift of the vicar. The parochial charities, including a small school endowment, produce about 170 per annum. The Independents and Wesleyans have several chapels in the different townships, and the Roman Catho- lics a church. There is a parochial school for both sexes. The poet Garth was a native of this parish. The Duke of Cleveland is lord of the manor and prin- cipal proprietor. GAINSBOROUGH, a par., market and post town, and port, in the wap. of Corringham, parts of Lindsey, co. Lincoln, 16 miles N.W. of Lincoln, 35 S.W. of Hull, and 155 from London by the Great Northern railway. It is situated on the river Trent, which is here navigable for vessels of 200 tons burthen. The par. includes, besides the town of Gainsborough, the hmlts. of Morton, East Stockwith, and Walkerith. This is the Geynesburh of the Saxons, who appear to have established themselves here at an early period after their settlement in this country. At one time this district was an independent government, though afterwards successively annexed to the Northumbrian and Mercian kingdoms. Alfred the Great was here married to jElswitha ; and Sweyn the Dane, after laying waste a great extent of country, is said to have here met with his death. In the civil wars of the reign of Charles I., this place was several times taken and retaken, and in 1C43 Cromwell here routed the royalists under General Cavendish. Since 1840 this town has been a port, and carries on a large trade in corn, which is shipped for various parts of the country, likewise a considerable foreign trade, chiefly with the towns on the Baltic. The town is clean, well paved, and lighted with gas, and has a good water supply. The principal part of it faces the river, which is crossed by a bridge of three arches, and there are branch streets leading to the railway station and the private part of the town. It contains a custom-house, assembly rooms, three banks, and savings-bank, athenaeum, with news and reading room, corn exchange, and mechanics' institute. The latter, with the assembly-rooms, are in the old hall known as John of Gaunt's palace, which is a large and curious building mostly of oak and brick, with a lofty tower, from the summit of which there is a beautiful prospect of the surrounding country. Petty sessions are held in the townhall fortnightly. Gains- borough is a polling-place for the county, the seat of a Poor-law Union, embracing 42 parishes in Lincolnshire and 7 in Nottinghamshire, and the seat of new County Court and registration districts. It gives the title of earl to the Noel family. Iron and brass founding, ship-build- ing, boiler-making, matting, rope-making, and the manu- facture of linseed cake and tobacco afford employment to many of the people. In the neighbourhood is a spring much impregnated with sulphur. The town supports one newspaper, the Gainsborough News, published on Saturday. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Lincoln, val. 529, in the patron, of the bishop. The body of the church was rebuilt in 1736, but the ancient tower of the 14th century remains. It is a spacious building capable of holding above 1,000 persons, and is dedicated to All Saints. There are also the district churches of Holy Trinity, a perpet. cur., val. 110; Morton, 100; and East Stockwith, val. 80, perpet. curs., in the patron, of the bishop. There parochial endowments realising about 340 per anni