Nardi, Giuseppe ilazzini, lu vita, gli scritti e le sue <io</»ine(Aiilan,lS72); Count Scliack. ilazzini und die italicnische Einhcit (Stuttgart. 1891); Siinonl, llistoire des conspirations mazziniennes (Paris, 1S70); Mario, iJazzini ncilii sua vita e nel suo apostulato (Milan, 18S)1); Bouiller, Un roi et un conspirateur — Victor Emanuel et ilaz- zini (Paris, 18S5); Safli, II pcnsiero politico e sociale de Oiuscppe ilazzini (Koine, 1887); E. A. V. (Mnie. Ashurst-Venturi) , Hemoir of Joseph ilazzini, with two essays (London, 1877); Linton, Recollections of ilazzini and Uis Friends (London, 1892). See Cavour; Gari- baldi: Italy.
MAZZOLINI, mat'si-le'ni-, LoDOVico (1479-
152S). An Italian painter, born at Ferrara,
whose real name was Mazzuoli. thouph Vasari
calls him Malino. lie studied at Bologna under
Lorenzo Costa. His best pictures are small in
size and of a fresh, exquisite coloring, and he
has been considered the finest painter of the
Ferrarcse School. "Christ with the Doctors"
(1.5-24) in the Berlin Gallery is considered his
masterpiece, and there are pictures by him in
many of the great European museums.
MAZZONI, mtU-so'ne, GuiDO (?-1518). An
Italian sc-iilptor, born at Modena and called
II Modanino. After the capture of Naples by
Charles VIII. in 1494, he went to France and
stayed there for about twenty years. JIany of
his" worlis have been destroyed; those that re-
main, notably that of a group round the
Sepulchre, which is in the Church of Monte
Oliveto at Naples, show uncommon technique
and a realistic treatment not usual in that age.
Other works by him are in the Church of San
Giovanni Decollato and the Duomo at Modena;
their material is terracotta.
MAZZONI, Guiuo (18.59—). An Italian
piK't and critic, born at Florence. He studied
at Pisa ami Bologna, was made professor of
Italian language and literatire at the Univer-
sity of Padua in 1887, and occupied the same
position at the Florence Institute from 1894.
Like many of the younger Italian poets, he
was at first a disciple of Carducci, but after-
wards his expression became more individual.
Ilis criticism is marked by a pure, elegant style
and an evident knowledge of foreign literatures.
His works include: ilelca/jro da Oadara (1880);
Espcrimoiti inctrici (1882); In liiblioteca
(1882-8G); I'orsic (188.3); uorc poesie
(1880); Rassegnc litterarie (1887); Tra libri e
carte (1887); Pocsic (1891); Voci delta vita
(1893); and II teatro delta rivotuzione, La
vita di Mnliire e altri scritti di tetteratura fran-
crsc (18!itl.
MAZZUCHELLI. mat'soo-kelli, Giovasni
Maria, Count (1707-r.5). An Italian writer
on science and literature. He studied juris-
prudence, then turned to scientific research. In
1737 he piiblislied his Xntizic storichc c cri-
tirhe inlrrnn alia vita e arili f:rritti d'Arrliimrde.
Ilis principal work was the compilation of a great
cyclop:i'dia of Italian literature and science from
the beginnings of Italian civilization. Scrittori
d'llalia, riod »io/i;ic slorlrhr c critirtie intorno
attc rile e afjti srritlori de' tetterati itatiani.
This task he did not live to complete. He also
WTote biographies of Scipio Capece and Ginsto
de' Conti; and he edited Villani's series of
biographies of illustrious Florentines.
MAZZUOLA, mat'soo-O'la, Francesco. See
Pakmioiano.
MEAD (AS. mcdu, OHG. metu, mito, Ger.
ilclli; connected with Ir. mcudh, Welsh medd,
mead, OChurch Slav, medit, Lith. nicdus, Lett.
maddiis, honey, Gk. n48v, metliy, mead, Av. niadii,
wine, Skt. madhu, honey, sweet). A fermented
liquor made from honey. The honey is mixed
with water, and fermentation is induced and
conducted in the usual manner, ilead has been
in use from very ancient times, and was known
equally to the nations of Southern Europe and
the barbarous tribes of more northern regions.
Pliny says it has all the bad qualities of wine,
but not the good ones. The Latin name is
Itydromeli.
MEAD, nied, Edwin Doak (1849—). An
American author and editor, born in Cliesterfield,
N. H. In lS(!(i he entered the employ of Ticknor
& Fields, the Boston publishers. From 1875
until 1879 he studied at Oxford, Cambridge, and
Leipzig, and upon his return to America began
to lecture on American literature and politics.
In 1883 he became director of the Old South
Historical Work, and in 1890 succeeded Edward
Everett Hale as editor of the ^'civ England
iiagitzine. His publications include The Phi-
losophy of Carlyle (1881), and Martin Luther:
A at u'dy of the Reformation (1884).
MEAD, or MEDE, .losicpii (1 580- 1638). A
Church of England theologian. He was born at
Berdcu, Essex. While a boy at school at
Wethcrsficld he accidentally picked up a copy of
Bcllarmine's Hebrew grammar.:ind soon acquired
a good knowledge of the language. He grad-
uated at Christ Church. Cambridge, in IGIO. In
1(513 he was made a fellow of his college, and
reader of the Greek lectures on Sir Walter
Mildmay's foundation, which odice he occupied
till his death. He was learned in mathematics,
medicine, and various branches of natural sci-
ence, history, antiquities, and the literature
and .sciences of the East. His chief work was
Claris Apocalyptica (1627), translated into Eng-
lish in 1043, which has been called the first ra-
tional attempt to interpret the Apocalypse. His
complete works were piiblished at London, 1648-
.52: new edition with life, 1072.
MEAD, Larkix Gold.ssiitu (1835—). An
American sculptor. He was born at Chesterfield,
N. H.. and in the earlier part of his life resided
at Brattleboro. Vt. He studied iinder Henry K.
Brown, of Brooklyn. N. Y. His earliest work in
marble was called "The Recording Angel." In
1857 he modeled the colossal statue "Vermont,"
which now crowns the dome of the State House
at Monlpelier. "Ethan Allen" adorns the same
building. During the Civil War he was for six
months an artist for Harper's Weekly, contribut-
ing n
nerous spirited sketches. In 1802 he
went to Italy, and has since then resided chiefly
at Florence. There he executed a number of
statuettes, such as "Echo." "La Contadinella."
".Sappho," "Mountain Bov." and an elaborate
group. "The Returned .Soldier" (ISOfi). His
other works include the Lincoln monument nt
Springfield. 111.; the soldiers' monument at
Saint .lolmsburv, Vt.; "Cohunbus's Last Appeal
to Isabella;" the .statue of Ethan Allen (1874)
in the National Statuim- Hall at Washington;
and the group, "The Return of Proserpine from
the Realms of Pluto." in the pediment of the
