Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/81

MARIE DE FRANCE. 61 MARIETTA. also are Lc rossignol, Lcs deux uniants, yoneo (a fairy talc of the bluebird), and Lanval. These Marie got from Kymric sources. Marie says she translated her 103 fables from an English version by King Alfred (roi Alrrez), or, as two ^ISS. read, "'King Henry." The English version from which she worked is lost ; the Latin that stood behind it comprised nearly all the collec- tion of Romulus (ninth century), supplemented from the Jewish -Oriental fables preserved in the collection of Berachyah and Pisore Alphonse, and apparently also from early native sources. The poems of Marie de France arc edited by Roque- fort (Paris. 1820), and better by Warnke in vol. iii. of liibliothcca Xorniannica, with an essay by Riihler (Halle; 1885). Consult: Bedier, "Les Lais de Marie de France," in Revue des Deux Mondes (Paris, 1891), and on the Ysopet, a chapter by Sudre in Petit de Julleville, Histoire de la langiie et de la littcrature fraitcaise, vol. ii. (Paris, 1896) ; also Warnke, Die Quellen des Esope der Marie de France (Halle, 1900). MARIE GALANTE, ga'lilNt'. An island in the West Indies, one of the Lesser Antilles. It belongs to France, and lies seventeen miles southeast of Guadeloupe, of which it is an administrative dependency (Map: West Indies, R 7). It is nearly circular in shape; area. 60 square miles. It consists of a limestone plateau, 300 to 600 feet high, surrounded by steep rocky shores. The chief products are sugar, coffee, and cotton. The chief town is Grandbourg, on the southwest coast. The population in 1890 was 14.000, Marie Galante is so called from the name of the ship commanded by Columbus when he discovered the island in 1493. MARIENBAD, ma-re'cn-bat. One of the most famous watering places of Europe, situated near the western border of Bohemia, Austria, amidst pine-clad hills, at an altitude of nearly 2100 feet, 47 miles by rail northwest of Pilsen (Map: Austria, C 2). It is a small town, with a fine Roman Catholic church (1844-,')0) in By- zantine style, a tasteful synagogue, a theatre, and a military 'curhaus.' Its fine promenading grounds are adorned with monuments. The springs do not differ essentially from those of Karlsbad except that they are cold. They range in temperature from 48° to 53° F. The prin- cipal springs are the saline Kreuzbrunnen and Ferdinandsbrunnen. used both for bathing and drinking. Thcv yield large quantities of water for export. The Marienquelle is used only for bathing, and contains a large proportion of car- bonic acid. The chalybeate Ambrosius- and Karolinenbrunnen are used both for drinking and bathing. Besides the above-mentioned springs there are at Marienbad baths of nnid. pine cones, and gas, and a new hydropatliic establishment. Consideral)le quantities of salt are exported. Al- though the springs of Marienbad enjoyed a local reputation long before the nineteenth century, it was only in 1808 that the first bathing estab- lishment was opened, and the place assumed its present name. Population, in 1900, 4588, chiefly Germans, MARIENBURG, ind-reVn-bTiorK. An old town of Prussia, 30 miles northeast of Danzig, on the Nogat River (Map: Prussia, HI). It is chiefly interesting because it was, for one and a half centuries, the seat of the grand masters of the Teutonic Order. These knights built the ilarienburg Schloss, one of the largest and most strongly fortilied buildings in Germany, and one of the most remarkable secular buildings of the Middle Ages. Marienburg remained in the hands of the knights till 1457, when it was taken by the Poles. The town has large wool-cleaning works, and manufactures of machinery. It trades in grain, wood, linen, and horses. Poi)ulation. in 1900, 10,732. Consult Bergau, Das Ordenshaupt- hatis Marienburg in I'russia (Berlin, 1871). MARIENWERDER, ma-re'en-ver'der. The capital of a district in the Prussian Province of West Prussia, on a tributary of the Vistula, about fort} -five miles south of Danzig (Map: Prussia, H 2). It has a fourteenth-century cathe- dral and a castle built by the Teutonic Knights, the founders of the town, in 1233. The principal industries are sugar-refining and the manufacture of cloth and machinery. There is a considerable trade in fruit. Population, in 1900, 9680. MARIE THERESE (ma're' ta'res') of Aus- tria ( 1638-83) . A wife of Louis XIV. of France, daughter of Philip IV. of Spain, born in Ma- drid. By the terras of the Peace of the Pyrenees (1659) she was married to Louis XIV. (1600). She lived very unhappily with Louis, but at length seemed to find comfort in religion. Con- sult Duclos, Mine, de la Vallidre et Marie Therese (Paris, 1869). MARIETON, ma're-a'toN', Paul (1862—). A French poet and critic, born at Lyons. He early became associated with the Provencal move- ment in Southern France, and took a prominent part in that revival. His writings include: .S'o«- venance (1884), a poem; La riole d'ainour (1886) ; and, in poetry, Hellas (1888) ; La terre proren^ale (1890); and Le livre de melancolie (1896). MARIETTA, ma'ri-et'Ui. A city and the county-seat of Cobb County, Ga., 20 miles north by west of Atlanta; on the Nashville, Chatta- nooga and Saint Louis Railroad (Map: Georgia, B 2). It has the Clarke Library of 5000 vol- umes. In the large National Cemetery here there are 10,279 graves. 2967 of unknown dead. Kenesaw Mountain (q.v. ) is situated a short distance west. The city is the centre of a farm- ing and stock-raising district, and has extensive marble works and chair factories, besides mis- cellaneous manufactures. Marietta, first incor- porated in 1852, is governed, under a charter of 1885. by a mayor, elected biennially, and a city council, chosen at large. Population, in 1890, 3384; in 1900, 4146. MARIETTA. A city and the county-se:it of Washington County, Ohio, 125 miles southeast of Columbus; at the junction of the Ohio and the Muskingum rivers, the farmer being spanned by a bridge connectinc with Willi:imstowM. W. Va. ; and on the Baltimore and Ohio Southwest- ern, the Cleveland and Marietta, the Toledo and Ohio Central Extension, the Zanesville ;ind Ohio River, and other railroads (Map: Ohio, H 7). It is the seat of Marietta College (q.v.). with a library of 60.000 volumes, and has a city park, set apart in 17S8. and the oldest church and the oldest building in tlie Northwest Tirritory, the latter having been the office of the Ohio Land Company, In the cemetery are buried many Rev- olutionary soldiers. The city is in a petroleum, coal, and iron region, and has large commercial interests through its river trade; it manufactures