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MARIETTA. 62 MARINA. flour, lumber products, oliairs. tables, and furni- ture, cars, laiuii'd Icatlicr. carriages and wajjons, relincd petroleum, boats, oil-well tools, boilers, wooden bicycle rims, brick, harness, glass, caskets, etc. The government is administered under a charter of 185.3. by a mayor, elected every two years, and subordinate ollicials, the majority of whom are appointed by the exec- utive subject to the consent of the coumil, the school board and water works trustees alone being chosen by popular vote. The city owns and operates the water works and electric-light plant. Population, in 1890, 8-273 ; in 1900, 13,348. -Marietta, the first settlement within the present limits of Ohio, was founded in 1788 by Kufus Putnam and a colony from New England under the authority of the 'Ohio Company' ( ci.v. . It was named in honor of Marie Antoinette. In July, 1788, the Xorthwest Territory was formally orgimized here by Governor Arthur Saint Clair. Blennerhas-set Island, twelve miles below, was the scene of various incidents in the 'Bvirr Con- spiracv.' Marietta was first incorporated, as a town, "in 1800. In 1890 the village of llarniar, where, in 1785. Fort Harniar had been built, was annexed. Consult Hoar. Ornlion nl Ihc Celrhra- lioii of the Cetitenninl of ihc Founding of the Tiorthiicfil at Marirttn (Washington, 1888). MARIETTA COLLEGE. .V co-educational institution of learning at Marietta, Ohio, founded in 1835. It lias a clas>ical. a I.atin-scientitic. and a modern languages course, departments of art, nnisic, and military science, and a preparatory de- partment. Marietta Academy. The eour.scs are ])artially elective, and lead to the B.A.. Ph.B., and B.L. degrees. Provision is made for grad- uate instruction and for summer courses. Tlie librari-. of about flO.OOO volumes, is especially strong in the history of the old Xorthwest Terri- tory. In 1902 the college had a faculty of 24 instructors, and an attendance of 270. in- cluding 94 collegiate, 100 academic, and 78 music students. Its endowment was .$205,000. its in- come $22,000. the value of its grouniis and build- ings .$250,000. and the total value of the college property $5.50.000. MARIETTE, ma're'et', AffifSTE EnorARo (1821-Sll. . French Egyptologist, born at Boulognesur-Mer. He became in 1840 assist- ant in the Egyptian museum at the T.ouvre. He was sent to Egypt to collect Coptic manu- scripts, but there l)ecame interested in the ruin«  of .Memphis and in excavations. Aided finan- cially by the French Government and by the Duke de Luynes. he excavated, in 1851. the Sera- peum near the modern Sakkara and the tombs of the Apis bulls, finding thousands of inscrip- tions and statues, as well as many mummies of sacred bulls and cows, which went chielly to Paris. In 1854 he returned to Paris and was made curator in the Egyptian Museum. In 1858 he went to EgA'jtt and became director of the governmental excavations and curator of the monuments. .Acting in this capacity, he cleared most of the ancient temples, the great Sphinx, the tombs at Sakkara. and other historic spots from sand and rubbish, and formed the Egyptian National Museum. In 1873 he received the l>ien- nial prize of 20.000 francs from the Institute of France. The Egyptian Government gave him the title of Bey. later that of Pasha. He died in 1881 and was buried in a huge stone sarcopha- gus standing before the museum. A statue was erected to him at his native town, Boulogne-sur- Mer. He produced, with the aid of collaborators and draughtsmen, many books, among them: ilcmoire sur la mire d'Apis (1856) ; Renseigne- menta sur Ics G'l apis trouies dans les souler- rains du .sVra/)<-^»i ( 1850) ; C'hoix de monnments et de dessins, decouverts ou exicutfs pendant le deblayement du l<crupcum de Memphis (1850); Le Si-rapcum de Memphis ( 1857 et seq. ) ; Aperru de I'histoire d'Egyple (1867); Ahydos (1870); l.Fs papyrus ^gyptiens du musee de lioulaq (1872-77); Denderah (1869-75); Monuments divers (1872 et seq.); Deir-el-Bahari (1877): Earnali (1875); Voyage dans la Haute Egypte (1878); Catalogue des monuments d'Abydos (18801; Lrs Mastabas de I'ancien empire (1881 et seq). MARIGLIANO, miir.'-lyii'no. A town in the Proviiuc of C'aserta. Italy, situated on the rail- way line N'aples-Bajano. about 10 miles north- east of Naples (Jlap: Italy, J 7). It has a fine church and a large palace. It markets grain and wine. Population (commune), in 1901, 12.491. MARIGNANO, mii're-nyil'no. A town of Northern Italy. Sec Melegnaxd. MARIGOLD (Mary, in .allusion to the Virgin Mary. ijuUI). . name given to certain plants of the natural order Compositae, chietly of the gen- era Calendula and Tagetes. The genus Calen- dula comprises about twenty annual and peren- nial herbs and shrubs, of which some of the former are found in the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, the latter chietly in South Africa. Pot marigold [Calendula o/lieinalis) is a common cultivated annual, native of Southern Europe, with an erect stem. 1 to 2 feet high, obovate lower leaves on long stalks, and large, deep yellow flowers. There are a number of varieties, some of which have double flowers. The whole plant has a slight aromatic odor, and a bitter taste. The dried florets are often em- ployed to adulterate safTron. and sometimes for coloring butter or cheese. They are also used in th'? preparation of soups. The plants are propagated by seeds sown in spring in ordinary garden .soil in sunn.v or half shady places. Later they are thinned to about one foot apart. The genus Tagetes consists of annual and perennial herbs, natives of the wanner parts of .merica. Although Tagetes ereela, one of those most fre- i]uently cultivated. iM'ars the name of .frican marigold, and Tagetes patulu, another well- known annual, is called French marigold, both species are Mexican. They have been long in cultivation, and by starting the seeds in a hot- bed in spring, succeed well even in northern lati- tudes, and are much admired for the brilliancy of their flowers. Corn marigold is a chrysanthe- mum. Marsh marigold has no botanical alTuiity with the true marigolds. MARIKINA, mar'i-ke'nft. See Marmoset. MARINA, ma-re'na. or Mali.xtzi.v. mii'- li^n-tsen'. . Mexican woman. She was born in (Joazacoalco. probably in the early years of the sixteenth century. She was of a noble family. I)ut when a child was sold in slavery to the Ta- bascan Indians. Soon after Cortfs invaded ilexi- co she iM'came his interpreter and his mistress. .'<lie <'onstantly acted as intermediary between the Spanish and the natives, and thus became