Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/842

MONTE CASSXNO. 7 Tosti, Storia della hadia di Hontecassino (Na- ples, 1842-43) ; Taeggi, I'alcografia urtisticu di Moiilccassinu (Monte Cassino, 1870 et seq.) ; Riokenbacli, ilonte-t.'assino von seiner Urihulung bis :u seiner hiichsten liliite unter Abt Desiderius (Kiiisicdeln, 1884-85). MONTECATINI DI VAL DI NIEVOLE, nion'ta-ka-tu'iiu di> viil du ne-ii'vo-lA. A tuwii in the Province of Lucca, Italy, 24 miles nortliwcsl of yioience (Map: Italy, E 4). Us warm Ijaths are much frequented by invalids. Poinilation (commune), in IHOI, 8748. MONTE CRISTI, kris'te. A seaport of the Eeiuililii- of S:iiitu Domingo, situated on the north coast near tlie Haitian frontier. The town has a large harbor 7 miles in circumference, and is the station of a United States consular agent. Popu- lation, 3000. MONTE CRISTO, kris'td. A small island of! the uc^t coa>t of Italy, 28 miles south of Elba (ilap: Italy, E 5). It consists largely of a mountain of granite, rising 2000 feet above the sea, and was made a ])enal colony in 1874. ilonte Cristo accjuired fame through Dumas's novel The CoiDit r,f Monti Crislo. MONTE CRISTO, The Count of. The most famous romance of Alexandre Dumas (1844-45), founded on Penchet's .1 Diamond and a Ven- geanee. The hero, Edmond Dant&s, is unjustly imprisoned in the Chateau d'lf, an island made famous through Dunuis's work, escapes, and after gaining a fabulous treasure, pursues with his vengeance those to whom his sufferings were due. llie work abounds in melodramatie situations and excitement and attained immediate success. MONTECCrCCOLI.m6n't&-k3o'k.*.l. or MON- TECXJCTTLI, montakrro'ku-lt-, R.ii.MONuo, Count (ICdli-SO). .An -Austrian general. He was born near Modena, February 21, 1000, and entered the Austrian artillery as a volunteer under his uncle, Ernesto, Count Monteeueeoli, in 1025. During the Thirty Years' War he was employed in various services, military and diplomatic. In 1057 he was sent to sup- port .John Casimir of Poland against the Swedes and Prince R/ikoozy of Transylvania, and conifiellcd Rflkoczy to make peace with Poland, and to break his alliance with the Swedes. In the following year he was made a field-marshal, and was sent to aid the Danes against the Swedes, in which also he was eminently successful. In 1600 he commanded the army sent to oppose the Turks, who had broken into Transylvania, and after an indecisive warfare of three years he won the great battle of Saint fiotthard. on the banks of the Raab, .ugust 1, 1004. In the war lH>tween France and Holland, in which the Emperor took part with Holland, Monteeueeoli was given the command of the Imperial army in 1072. He took Bonn, and notwithstanding the endeavors of Turenne to prevent it, <'ITected a junction with the Prince of Orange. In 1075 he was opposeil to Turenne on the Rhine, and they spent four months in nianceuvres in which neitlier eould gain any advantage. After the death of Turenne Mon- teeueeoli pursued the Fri'Ueh across the Rhine. The Emperor Leopold made him a prince of the Empire, and the King of Naples bestowed on him the Dnchy t>f Melfi. He .lied at Linz. October 10, lOSO, His memoirs were published in French ai MONTEGUT. (Amsterdam, 1770), and in the original Italian by L'go Foscolo (Milan, 1807), and by Grassi (Turin, 1821). Consult, also: Campori, Rai- mondo Monteeueeoli, la sua famiylia e i suoi tempi (Florence, 1877); Gro«smann, Kaimund Monteeueeoli (Vienna, 1878). MONTEFIASCONE, ra6n'ta-f*-as-k<yn& (It., Iioltlc-niounlain) . . town in the Province of Rome, Italy, nine miles northwest of A'iterbo. It is situated three miles from the railway stiition at an altitude of 2010 feet, commanding a mag- nificent view. It is surrounded by walls; its chief buildings are the incomplete Catliedral of Santa ilargherita, and the early eleventh-century Romane.sque-Gothic Church of San Flaviano. Montefiascone is celebrated for its high quality wines. The town elates from the sacred Etruscan Fanuni Voltumna-. Population of commune, in 1001, !i:!71. MONTEFIORE, ni6n't^-fi-6're, Claude G. (1858—). An English educator and author. He was born in London of .Icwish parents, and was educated at Balliol College, Oxford. He devoted himself to comnuinal work in behalf of l^mdon Jews, held various high offices in .lewish institu- tions in London, and with Israel Abrahams edited the Jewish Quarlerli/ lleiieu:. Montefiore de- livered the Hibbert Lectures for 18'.I2 On the Origin and Groirth of Religion, iis Illiistniled hg the Religion of the Ancient Hebrews. ith Israel .Abrahams he wrote Aspects of Judaism (2d ed. 18115). MONTEFIORE, Sir Moses Hayim (1784- 1885). A .Jcwisli philanthropist. The scion of a wealthy .Anglo-Italian banking family, he was born at Leghorn, Italy. He was educated in Ix)n- don, became a member of the .Stock Exchange, and in 1824, having realized a large fortune, retired from commercial pursuits, and com- menced a crusade for the amelioration of his race. In 1812 he had married .ludith Cohen, a relative of the Rothschild family. He was stren- uous in his efforts to remove tlie civil disabilities of .lews in Englan<l, and finally, overcoming great opposition, received the honors of election as lligh Sheriff of Kent, and Sheriff of London in 1837, when he was knighted. In 1S40 Queen Victoria made him a baronet. From 1827-75 he made seven journeys to the Orient, conferring great benefits on his kindred, and being everywhere received by the rulers with the greatest marks of respect. He spent the last years of his life at Ramsgate, where, in 1S05, he had enilowed a Jewish college to the memory of his wife, who died in 1802. He died there .July 28. 1885, in his 101st year. Consult Loewe (ed.). Diaries of t<ir Moses and Lady Montefiore (London, 1890). MONTE'GO BAY. A seaport on the north coast of Janmica. IS miles west of Falmouth (.Map: West Indies, Jo). It has a good harbor definiled by a battery, and a general traile of some imjiortance. -A I'nited States agent resides in the town. Population, about 5000. MONTEGUT, mrtx'tA'gvi'. .Teax I^aptiste .Jo- REi'ir E^tlI.E (1825-05). French writer and editor. Ixun at Limoges. He practiced law until 1847, when he entered the field of letters by an article in the Rerue drs Oenx Mondes on the philosophy of Emerson. Later he translated the works of Emerson. Macaulay. and Sh;ikespeare into French, and it is chiefly because of his