MONTEGUT. 755 MONTEN
introducing these writers to French readers that he is remembered. In 1857 he became an editor of the Revue des Diux Mondes. but resigned in 1S(>2 to join the Moiiitcur Vnirirscl. Among his writings are: Lcs Pays-Bus: imprcsKionn ii(, coy- uyc it d'art (IStiUJ ; L'Angleicne ct scs colonies australes (1879); Poetes et artistes de I'ltalie (1881) ; and Esqiiisses litlcraires (1893). MONTELEONE DI CALABRIA, mAn'ta-lu- O'na dt- ka-la'bri--a. A town in the Province of C'atanzaro, Italy, on a liill overlooking, and about two miles from", the Gulf of Santa Eufemia, ISVa miles by rail east of Tropea (ilap: Italy, L 9). It is a garrison town and the see of a bishop. Its ruined castle was built by Roger the Norman. It has a trade in silk and oil. Monteleone is on the site of the Greek Hipponiuni mentioned as early as r.c. 389, and the Roman Vibo Valentia ; it was almost destro}ed by an eartlujuake in 1783. Population (commune), in 1881, 12,047; in 1901. 12.997. MONTELIMAB, moN'ti'le'miir'. The capital of an arrondissement in the Department of Drome, France, near the confluence of the Rou- bron and Jabron, 27 miles by rail south of Valence (Map: France, L 7). It is irregularly built on a castle-crowned hill, commanding fine prospects of the Vivarais Mountains. Among its chief institutions are a chamber of agriculture, a communal college, and a pul>lic library. It has sawmills, manufactures of building materials, of silk, cotton, corsets, hats, ami spirituous liquors, and is famed for 'Montelimar nmigat,' an almond candy. In the vicinity coal and lignite are mined. Montelimar is on the site of the Acusium of the Romans; the thermal spring at Bondonneau, 2% miles to the southeast, anciently used by them, was rediscovered in 1854. The town was de- stroyed by the Saracens and rebuilt by ^lontheil d'Adhftnar in the tenth century. Here Calvinism was first embraced in France. Coligny besieged the town unsuceessfullv in 1569. Population, in 1901, 13.351. MONTELTJPO, mon'tS-loo'pA, Baccio da (1449-0,1533). An Italian sculptor and architect, born at Montelupo, near Florence. He worked in the style of Verroechio, and his sculpture shows power and technical ability. He made a fine statue of Saint .John the Evangelist for Orsan- michele in Florence : a Hercules for Francesco de' Medici, and a number of crucifixes carved in wood, one of which is to be seen in the Convent of San Marco in Florence. MONTELUPO, Raffaello da (1503-C.1567). An Italian soilptor and architect, the son of Baccio da Montelupo. He was a pupil of Michel- angelo and assisted him in his works. He made three statues for the tomb of Pope .Julius II., and partly built the monuments to I>eo X. and Clement VII. in the Church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva in Rome, besides executing a figure of Saint Damian in the Medici Chapel in Florence, several bas-reliefs in the Casa Santa at Loreto, and the tomb of Baldassare Turini in tile Duomo of Pescia. His last work was in con- nection with the cathedral at Orvieto, of which he was superintendent. He left part of an auto- biography, which is translated in Perkins, Tus- ran Sciilptnrs (London, 1804). MONTEMAYOB, moN'tA-m&yor', .Toroe de (c.1515-01). A Spanish poet, born at Monte- >5 MONTEN. nior-o-Velho, near Coimbra, Portugal. Little is known as to the details of his life. He is thought to have gone to England and to the Netherlands in the train of Philip II. of Spain, and he perished in a duel or was murdered in 1501. With the exception of a couple of songs and a few lines of prose in Portuguese, contained in his famous pastoral romance, he composed wholly in Castilian. His literarj' renown is based on his unfinished Uiaiia cnainorada, a work modeled on the Italian pastoral novel. It mingles verse with the prose, and beneath the fiction of the pastoral situation veils the love experiences of the author himself. An English version, made by Bartholomew Young in 1583 (printed in 1598), is uf importance because of the iniluence which it had upon Sidne.v's Arcadia. As Monte- mayor's romance remained incomplete, several Spanish continuations of it were made. The best is that of Caspar Gil Polo (1504). Lyrics of !Montemayor are to be found not only in the Diana, but also in his Cancioiiero (Antwerp, 1544 and later). An edition of Moutemayor came out in 1880 at Barcelona. Consult: Schijnherr, Jorge Moutemayor, seiti Leben iind sein Scluifer- ronian (Halle, 1880) : the Heme hispanique, vol. ii., pp. 304 n. (Paris, 1895) : Rennert, The Span- ish Pastoral Homancrs (Baltimore, 1892). MON'TEM CUSTOM, The. A famous tradi- tional custom at Ktun College. Its origin is lost in obscurity; it is described in Malim's Consuetu- dinarium of 1500. Until 1758 its observance took place in January ; when it was changed to Whit- sun Tuesday, it was held every second or third year, and triennially from 1775, until it was abolished in 1847, owing to the disorder which attended it. It was a procession of the Eton boys, attired in fancy dresses, to a certain mound (ad montem, hence the name) known as Salt Hill. They were licensed to le'y contributions, known as 'salt.' from every visitor, and the re- ceipts were given to the captain of the day, who kept what was left after the expenses of the fes- tivity were paid to help him in his university career. For a full account, consult Sterry, An- nals of Eton CoHrijc (London, 1898). MONTEMORELOS, nion'ta-m6-r:Vlos. A town of the State of Nueva IjCou, Jlexico, 42 miles south of Monterey, on the Monterey and Mexican Gulf Railway (Map: Mexico, J 5). It lies in the midst of a fertile irrigated region, celebrated for its production of fruits, especially oranges. Its municipal population, in 1895, was about 3.500. MONTEN, mAn'tcn, Dietrich (1799-1843). A German battle painter, born at Diisseldorf. where he began to study at the Academ.v in 1821. In the same year he became a pupil of Peter Hess in ilunich, where, after a visit to Italy and study trips in other parts, he made his permanent home. The success of some battle-pieces he exhibited led to his being commissioned to paint in the Arcades of the Royal Garden three historical episodes, but his reputation dates more cspeciallv from his "Finis Pnloniip" (1832, National Gal- lery, Berlin), depicting the dep:ir1ure nf the Poles frcmi their country in 1831. a painting which be- came widely known through lithographic repro- ductions. Other specimens from his brush in- clude "Death of Gustavus .(lolphus at Liitzen" (1835, Hanover Museum) and "Napoleon on a Reconnaissance" (New Pinakothek, Munich),
