Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/193

RIVERS. 173 RIVIERE. King's death, Gloucester, afterwards Richard 111., became Protector of the kingdom. Actuated by desire to get possession of the person of the young King Edward V., Gloucester arrested Rivers, wlio was governor of the prince, and he was beheaded on a charge of treasonable designs. RIVERSIDE. The county-seat of Riverside County, Cal., ti.j miles east by south of Los Angek's; on the Santa Ana River, and on the Southern Pacitic, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe and the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake railroads (Jlap: California, E 5). It is noted for its beautiful streets and surroundings. Magnolia and Victoria avenues in particular are lined with magnificent shade trees and extend for several miles through orange groves. The city has a handsome court house and a public library. Riverside is the centre of one of the richest orange-growing sections in the world, and lemons also are extensively cultivated. The first settle- ment was made in 1870 and the city was in- corporated in 1883. Population, in 1900, 7973. RIVES, rev, Alfred Landon (1830-1903). An American engineer, son of William Cabell Rives, United States Minister to France, born in Paris. He studied at the Virginia Military Institute and the University of Virginia, and in 1854 graduated at the Paris Ecole des Ponts et Chaussees. He was assistant engineer on the Capitol building in Washington, worked on the Washington aqueduct and on governmental improvements of the Poto- mac River, and in the Civil War became colonel of engineers in the Confederate army. Then he became an engineer of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, vice-president and general manager of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, and afterwards of the Richmond and Danville Railroad, and, after acting as superintendent of the Panama Railroad, was chief engineer of the Cape Cod Canal. His daughter is the Princess Troubetzkoy (Amflie Rives ) . RIVES^ Am£lie, Princess Troubetzkoy (1863 — ) . An American author, born in Richmond, Va. She early began to write stories, some of which were published in the Atlantic Monthlii. Her first collection of tales, published in 1888, was called A Brother to Dragons, and Other OM-Time Stories. This was followed by Virginia of Virginia (1888), and The Witness of the Sun (1889). In 1889 she created a marked sensation by The Qtiiek or the Dead, and in the same year published Herod and Mariamne, a Drama, in verse. Among her later works are: Aecording to St. John (1891), a novel; Barbara Dcring (1892): Athelwold (1893): and Tanis, The Sand-Digger (1893). In 1888 Miss Rives mar- ried John Armstrong Chanler of New York, from whom she was subsequently divorced. She then became the wife of Prince Pierre Troubetzkoy of Russia, and lives in Virginia. RIVES, William Cabell (1793-1868). An American political leader and diplomat, born in Nelson County, Va. He was educated at Hamp- den-Sidney and William and Mary colleges, and was admitted to the bar. He early became one of the prominent Democrats of Virginia, was a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1816, of the State Legislature in 1817-19 and in 1822, and of Congress from 1823 to 1829. He was Minister to France from 1829 to 1832, when he was elected to the United States Senate, from ■which he resigned in 1834. He was reelected in 1S35, and remained in the Senate until 184.'i. He was again Minister to France from IS49 (<» 1853, and was a member of the Peace Conference at Washington in 180], and afterwards of the Confederate Provisional Congress and of the first, and second regular Confederate Congresses, lie published an excellent Hinlory of the Life and Times of James iladi-ion (3 vols., IS.'JiltiS) ; The Life and Character of John Hampden ' (1845) ; and Ethics of Christianity (1835). RIVET (OF. rivet, rivect, from OF., Fr. rircr, to clencli, from Icel. rifa, to stitch together). A metal pin for connecting two plates of metal in boiler and tank making, iron shipbuilding, and steel bridge and structural work. To use the rivet it is heated, in.serted in the punch or drill holes of the two plates, and the projecting un- headed end hanunered to a hemispherical head. The heading process may be performed by hand or by pneumatic percussive riveting machines, or by squeezing the rivets between the dies of pneu- matic, steam, or hydraulic riveting machines. (See Metal- WoRKiKG JlAnnxEKY and Pneu- matic Tools. ) Small steel rivets are often bead- ed when cold, and copper rivets and rivets of the other soft metals are never heated. RIVETING MACHINES. See Metal- WoBK- IXU ilACHINERY. RIVIERA, re've-a'ra. The popular designa- tion of the narrow but beautiful coast line of Italv and France, mainlv around the (!ulf of Genoa. The eastern half of the Riviera — Riviera di Levante — extends from Spezia to Genoa : the western half — Riviera di Poneiite — from Genoa to Nice in France, or as far as Hyfres. The Riviera is distinguished by its magnificent scenerv, and by its mild climate, wdiich each win- ter attracts thousands of sojourners of all classes, more especially to the numerous famous resorts along the western coast — Cannes, Nice. Mentone, Jlonte Carlo, San Remo. etc. The scenery is rather more bold and wildly picturesque on the east coast^ and the vegetation is not so rich and attractive there as along the Ponente. Along the western Riviera from Nice to (Jenoa winds the celebrated Corniche road. The Riviera i.s oc- casionally visited by earthquakes, the last having been in 1887. Consult: Lentheric. The Kirivra, Aniyient and Modern (trans., London, 1895) ; Hare, The Ririeras (ib., 1897); Uiirstel. "Die Riviera," in Land tind Leute, vol. xi. ( Riele- feld, 1902) ; Macmillan, The Riviera (London, 1880). RIVIERE, re'vnrar', Briton (1840—). An English animal and figure painter, born in Lon- don. He was the son and pupil of William Hi- vi6re (1806-76), one of the family of artist.s who taught drawing at Cheltenham and Oxford. Young Rivi&re first exhibited at the Academy in 1858, and his early work was influenced by the Pre-Raphaelites. Afterwards he graduated at Oxford (1867). He was elected a member of the Royal Academy in 1881. The combined animal and figure subjects of Riviere attracted atten- tion, but his "Circe" (1871) and "Danier' (1872) were the first of his notable large paint- ings. These were followed by "Persepcdis" ( 1878. his masterpiece) , "In Manus Tuas Domine" (1879), "A ]Iighty Hunter Before the Lord" (1891), "Be%-ond Man's Footsteps" (1894. in the National Gallery), and "To the Hills" (1901).