Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/327

ROSE INSECTS. 293 ROSEMARY. grounds, wlicic these can be (iiscovered. Against llic adult beetles are used spraying; with arsenical poisiins, hand-pickinf;. covering choice plants with netting, and the poisoning of early-Uowcring plants as trap cro|)s : but the beetles appear in such enormous nunil)ers day after day as to make these measures ajiparently hopeless. The rose sawtlies, larvic of which are known as 'rose slugs,' frequently do considerable dam- age by .skeletonizing the leaves. The bristly rose slug (larvie of Clftdius pcctiniconiifi) has a wide distribution, feeding at first <ipon tlie lower side of the leaves and gradually eating irregular holes until nothing remains but the stronger ribs. They form their cocoons in the autunm, among fallen leaves and other rubbish upon the surface of the ground, and in the summer some- times do so upon the branches of the plant. There are two or three generations annually. The curled rose slug (larva of Entphytiis ciiutun) is a European species which has been imported into the Northeastern United States. It eats the entire surface of the leaf, working along the edges, however, instead of gnawing lioles. The American rose slug (larva of Monoste(tia rosw) is the most prominent of the rose-sawfly larva;. It is single-brooded, and the adults emerge in May about the time when the rose is in full leaf. The eggs are circular, and are inserted singly in the edge of the leaf. The larva is about one- third of an inch long, and is slug-like, the thora.x being swollen. It feeds only at night and always upon the upper surface of the leaf, skeletonizing it rather than eating the entire substance. Dur- ing the day it remains concealed on the under surface of the leaf. The larva becomes full- grown in about two weeks, abandons the plant and enters the soil, where it constructs a delicate earthen cocoon. In this it remains dormant until the following spring, transforming to pupa short- ly before the emergence of the adult insect in May. All of these sawfiy larvae are readily de- stroyed by the application of powdered hellebore in a water spray. The rose-bud worm is the larva of a tortricid moth d'enthina nimbaiana). It usually feeds upon the leaves, but frequently bores into rose- buds before they have opened. The parent moth ap])ears in the spring and lays its eggs at night. The larva grows rapidly, feeding upon the leaves or the buds, and reaches full growth by the end of May, the moth appearing earh' in June. The eggs of a second generation are then laid, and in the Southern States there may be a third. An- other tortricid moth, the oblique-banded leaf- roller {Caccccia rosaceana) , is one of the most important of the leaf-rollers, and feeds upon many rosaceous plants. See Leaf-Rolleb. Fuller's rose beetle (Aramigus FuUeri) is a weevil which feeds, when adult, upon the leaves, and in the larval stage works upon the roots. It is a well-known greenhouse pest of many plants in California, and made its appearance in the Eastern States as early as 1879. The adult beetle laf^'s its eggs in flattened batches, thrusting them under the loose bark of the stem usually near the ground. The larvs burrow into the ground and feed upon the roots, reaching full growth in the course of one or two months and passing the pupa stage also under the ground. The rose eurculio {Rhynchites hicolor) is abun- dant and destructive in certain of the Western States; and several species of riitwornis (q.v.) are also injurious to young rose phints. Consult : Chittenden. Hiillrlii, u~. new series. United atulvfi IhiHirlminl <if Aijricullurc, Dili- sion of F.nlomoliHiij (Washington, lUOl); also Circular It, .second .series ( ib., 18!l"i). ROSELLA (NioLat. diminutive of Lat. rosa, rose), or Uosi: I'vuiukket. . dealer's name, often spoiled roselle, for one of the lieuutiful broad-tailed parrakcets of Australia {I'liili/nr- lus cximiiis), remarkable for its rosered plum- age. In this species, which is eiannion in cap tivity, the head, neck, and breast are rosy-red, the cheeks while, the nape yellow, the fea'thern of the back black, with greenish-yellow borders, the lower breast yellow, with a scarlet band in the middle, the wings largely blue, and the hind parts and tail yellowish-green. Us total length is 13.50 inches. It is distinguished from most other parrots by its cry, which is described us a kind of chattering or warbling. ROSELLINI, rO'zM-UVnii. Iptoi.ito (1800-43). An Italian Kgyptologist. born at I'isa. lie stud- ied at Jlologna under Mezzofanti, and in 1824 was made professor of Oriental languages in the universit.v of his native town. Kroni 1825 lie devoted himself chiefly to the study of Egyptol- ogy, and was the friend and pujjil of .1. F. Chain- polliim, whom he assisted in his investigations at Rome, Naples, and Turin. In 1828 Kosel- lini was sent to Egypt at the head of a Tus- can expedition which, uniting with a French expedition under the direction of Chanipollion, spent fifteen months in exploring the monunient.s of Egypt and Nubia. The results of the expedi- tion's work were published by Rosellini. after his return, in his / monumenti ilcll' I'.gitio <• d<'//ii Suhia (1832-44 1. Among his other works may be mentioned Ids Elnnrntd Lhifimv .flyi/iiliiira; (Rome, 1837), and his Diccioiiario geruylifico, which >vas left in manuscript, unfinished, at his death. ROSELLY DE LORGUES, r6'z'-14' de lArg, Antoixe FR.V-Nrois Fklix (1805—). A French religious author, born at Grasse. He studied law at Aix and became an advocate, but deserted his practice to devote himself to literature. His chief publications are Christophr Colnmh ( I8.i(i), Chrisiophe Colomh le scrviteur dc Uieu (1884), iS'o(a« contrr Colomb (I87fi), and Histoirc pos- thuine de Colomb (1885). in which he claims that Columbus was directly inspired by (iod in his voyages, and that he should be canonized li.v the Roman Catholic Church. To this latter end he was made conunissioner to the Holy See by the (,»uccn Regent of Spain in 1803. ROSEMARY (OF. rosniarin, romarin. Fr. romarin, from Lat. rosmarinus, ros mariniis. rose- mary, sea-dew, from ros. dew, and niiiritius. marine, from mare, sea; influenced by pojiular etymology with rosa inaria ro.se of the irgiii Mary), ko.imarinus. A genus of plants of the natuVal order Labiatfe. f»nly one species is known, Uosiiiariniis o/)ieimilis. an erect evergreen shrub of 4 to 8 feet high, with linear leaves and pale bluish tlowers, growing in sunny places, on rocks, old walls, etc., in the Mediterranean region. It is generally cultivated as an orna- mental and aromatic shrub. An essential oil, oil of rosenuiry. obtained from the leaves, is fre- quently used as a perfume and as a principal ingredient in Hungary water. Spirit of rose-