Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/345

ROTTI. 31.3 ROUEN. at Bail, and furms a part of the Dulcli ro^iiU'iioy of Timor, llic iio|nilution is ostiiiiaU'il at 80,U00, |iriiioiijally .Malays. ROTTMANN, lut'man, Kaul ( 171I8-1850) . A noted (u'riiiau jandseaiiu |iaiiitcr, Imjiii at Hand- schufhslH'iiii. near lleidellieiy. He formed him- self oliielly through the study of naUire and of great niasterworks, and after gaiiiiiii,' prominence bv "Heidelberg at Sunset" (water eolor), and "Castle Eltz," he settled in Jlunieh (1822), de- voting himself to Havarian scenery. His success in characterizing the main features of a land- scape, and producing ideal eti'ects in line and color, created a new epoch in landsca])e painting. During his travels in Italy (lS2(i-28) he made sketches for the 28 Italian landscapes in fresco which he was commissioned to paint in the ar- cades of the Hofgarten at .Munich (I82l1-:i;i) and which constitute Rottmann's most sterling work, but unfortunately deteriorated under climatic in- fluences. The cartoons for them are in the Darm- stadt Gallery. In 1834-35 he was in Greece, and the results of this journey were 23 Greek land- scapes, which were placed in a si>ecial room in the New Pinakotbek. Munich. Of bis easel pic- tures "Aninier Lake" and "Marathon" are in the National Gallery, Berlin ; "Tlu= Acropolis of Sik- yon" and "Corfu" in the Pinakotbek. ilunich; others in the Schack Gallery, JIunich, and in Karlsruhe; and seven in the Leipzig Museum. Consult: Pecht, Deutsche Kihixtler, ii. (Niird- lingen, 1870) ; and Regnet, in Dohnui, Kiiiist und Kihisfler, iv. (Leipzig, 188.5). ROTY, r6'te', Louis Oscar (1846—). A French medalist and engraver, born in Paris. He was a pupil of Ponscarme and Duniont, and won the Prix de Rome in 187.5. His subjects are treated with remarkable skill in obtaining the most delicate results. His portraits are also admirable. With Chapu, Degeorge. and Chaplin, he ranks as the greatest reviver of medallic art in France during the last century. ROTJARIE, roo'a're', Marquis of. See Ar- MAXD, CHAKLKS. ROUBAIX, roij'ba'. A maiuifacturing town in the Department of Nord, France, 7I2 miles northeast of Lille (Map: France, K 1). Its rise dates from the first quarter of the nineteenth century, when its population was 9000 and rapid- ly increased after the establishment of modern textile industries. The annual value of its tex- tiles is over $80,000,000. There are also other manufactures. The town possesses the important Ecole Nationale des Arts Industriels. Popula- tion, in 1901. 124.365. ROUBILLACf roTi'be'vak'. or ROXJBILLIAC, Louis Francois (1605-i762). A French sculp- tor, born at Lyons. France. He studied under Nicolas Coustoii and then under Balthazar. About 1738 he settled in England, where he executed many well-known works. His most imiiortant monuments are those of .John Camiibell. Duke of Argyll, of Jlrs. Nightingale, and of Handel (17i31), in Westminster Abbey: the statiie of Newton (1755) at Trinity College, Cambridge: and the statue of Shakespeare (1758), in the British Museum, .^mong his busts from life, which are his best works, are those of Hogarth (National Portrait Gallery), Garrick (Garrick Club), and Handel (Foundling Hospital), all in London. His stvle is mannered, but is not with- out grace, and his portrait busts nre highly characteristic. ROUCOUYENNE, rfJokWyOn'. A tribe of Cariban >tuck l'|.v) in the mountain country about llic headwaters of .Maroiii Klver, l'"rench Guiami. They take their name from the roucou, a vegetable coloring nuitter with which lliey paint their skins. They are naturally of light com- plexion. Marriages of father and ilaiigliter und of brother and sister are said to be euniiiion among them. ROUEN, rrio'U.N'. The capilnl of the Depart- nu'ut of Seine- lnf<'Mieun', France, on the Seine, 87 miles northwest of Paris by rail (.Map: France. II 2). It is one of the )irincip»l nninii- facturing and trading cities of France. It standH on the north bank of the river, on level ground slightly rising toward the east. Some of the streets are regularlv built, traversed by street railwa.vs, and lined Uy line modern stone" houses, but the majcuity are of the mcdiaval, illbuilt, an<l narrow though picturcs<|uc order, crowded with lofty, <piaintl.v carved tiTubcred houses with overhanging gables. A stone liridgc and a sus- ])ension bridge connect the faubourg Saint Sever, on the left bank of the river. A viaduct across the river connects the Western with the Orleans railway. The site of the former encircling ram- parts is now occu])ied b.v spa<ious, tree-bordered boulevards, which, as well as the qua.vs that line the river banks for a distance of a mile and a half, rival the boidevards and quays of Paris. Kouen is noted for its ecclesiastical architec- ture, of which the finest spci'lnuMis are the Cathe- dral and the Church of Saint Ouen. The former is a remarkably fine specimen of Gothic nrehi- teeture. It is of cruciform shape and has two towers at the sides of the west entrance, and a lofty but incongruous tower, 4ti4 feet high, which was constructed after the destruction b.v fire in 1822 of the bclfrv, which bore the date of 1544. The cathedral was erected by I'bilip .ugustus between 1200 and 1220, and conUiins in its 25 highly ornamented chapels numerous monuments of great interest. The Church of Saint Ouen is as large as the cathedral and in its restored state presents a i)ure and elegant speci- men of Gothic architecture. Other notable churches arc the fiffcentli-century llamlxiyant (iotbic Church of S;iint M;icIou. the sixteenth- century churches of Saint Vincent. Saint Godard, and Si'iint l':itricc, and the restored l!omanesquo Church of Saint Gervais. with a fourlli-century crvpt. Of the secular buildings the finest are the Palais de Justice, belonging to the fiflin-nth century and built for the Parliament of the prov- ince; the Hotel de Ville. with its well-equipped public library and its gallery of pictures: the Hotel Dieu or hospital, one of the largest of its kind: the fifteenth-century Hotel BourgtW- roulde (now used as a bank) oniamenled with historical reliefs; anil the striking fourteenth- century belfry or Tour de la (irosse llorlogc, with its doidde-dialed and richly sculptured clock on a sixteenth-century arch spanning the street. The finest square is the Place de I'Hfitel de Ville. .loan of Arc was burned in the Place du Vieux Marclif- (since 1902 decorated with a tine me- morial of the Maid of Orleans), and not in the Place de la Pucelle, where a uiean-looking statue marks the spot that was long pointed out as (he site of her martyrdom. The town possesscB a