ROWLAND. 323 ROWSON. ties of iron led to entirely new conceptions of Joseph Ifoirlandson, h.r llushiiml Slie tells of magnetism. His interest in spectroscopy led him her sulTeriiiKs 1)V cold and hiiii-.T of her child's to the discovery of the pnncipU- of the concave death hv cold, and of li.-r sah' hv her VarraL-anset gialing. and to the construction of a dividing en- captor to an Indian cliief. .She was at la-t ran gine provided with a screw of extreme accuracy sonied for ahoiit .$80. u sum rais<-<l l,v s.-veral and uniformity of pitch, hy which gratings were women of Iloston. Her hook went through va prepared under his direction. Rowland not only rious editions. made an eye study of the spectrum, but also ap- ])Iicd photographic metliods. He investigated the solar spectrum and the arc spectra of various elements, and carried on many researches in al- lied fields. His work on alternating currents and their application has also been of importance. One of his last investigations resulted in the de- velopment of a system of miiltiple.x telegraphy based on the use of synchronous motors, for which he received a gold medal from the Paris Exhibi- tion. Perhaps his most important discovery was that of the magnetic effect of electric convection. ROWLANDSON, Thomas (1756-1827). An English artist and caricaturist. lK)rn in Old dewry. London. lie early disphived skill in caricature, was a student at the Royal .Vcaileiiiy. and aftenvards at a. drawing-school in Paris, aiid set up in London as a portrait-artist. In 1777 SI he also exhibited land.scapes and portraits with much success at the Royal .cadeiiiy. In I7SI or thereabouts he assumed to greater cvteiit the manner of caricature. He was known for his representations of Xapolcon, but more particu larly for his series, including the •'Tour.-, of Dr. which has a wide-spread theoretical bearing upon ^..^i.,^.,. ,iaio lo.io lu.jii '..-ri n i- i ■> 1 . ■ 1 1 *j. ii i- r 1 - J ^1 ^'^Tilax ( 181J, 1820, 18J1). Ihe KiiLMish Dance electrical phenomena. At the time of his death „i ii„„n,.. ,ioi- ,,., , .ti ,-. V , -, .. n t T> 1 1 ii -1 i t ii "t Death (1810-10 , and 1 he Danee of Life Professor Rowland was the president of the muici „ii ■*! * i » n- /■ . Vi- , T), ■ 1 o ■ i c 1 ■ 1 u (181()). all with text bv William ( ombe. His American Phvsical bocietv, of winch he was one „,„„i. ,..„, „i,:„ii,. ,•„ ., ' i ■ i i- i.i i i , ., .. 1 ■ a s '- ■ i i u work was chiellv in wn-andink, li-dillv washed or ot the tounders. borne of his important researches ,.„*„„„i.„j :„ „.At„_ „„i ii- i " i-. ^, ^..11. ; .,. ,, '_.., n , ■,-. retoucned in water-colors. Ills humorous (|uality included the picturesque, for example in posting and driving scenes at the inn or on the highroad. In attempts along other lines he was unmistak- ably inferior. It has been frequently asserted thai his technical merits and originality might well have entitled him to occupy a more serious place in the history of English art. Consult: Wright, Hislori) <if ('tiiicaliirc and the (Irolesiiue in Xrl ( T.otuhm, 184i)); and Grego. Itoiehindson Ihe Cariedttirist (ib., 1880), with a detailed enu- meration of the artist's works. ROWLEY, rou'lt. W'li.i.r.vM (c.l585-c.l(i42). An English actor and dramatist about whom very little is known. He was connected with the Prince of Wales's company of actors, and collabo- rated on many plays with Middleton and other dramatists. He was a master of stage etlect. and wrote with vigor. To him are assigned .1 Xew Wonder 1 1()32) : All's Lost hy Lust ( 1633) ; A Match at Midniqht (Ui33); and A Shoemaker a Gcnlleinan (10381. ROWLEY POEMS. See CnATTEBTOx, TlIOM.VS. ROWLEY REGIS. A town in Staffordshire, England. 5 miles west of Rirmingham (Map: England. E 4). It has extensive coal-iniiiing and iron industries. Population, in 1891, 30,800; in inoi, 34,(;70. ROWSON, roii'sun, Sisaxxa (Haswei.i.) are the following: On Magnetic Pcrmeabilitii ( 1873) ; On the Magnetic Permeability and Maxi- mum Magnetisation of Nickel and Cobalt (1874) ; Studies on Magnetic Distribution (1875) : On a Magnetic Effect of Electric Connection (1876); Research on the Absolute Unit of Electrical Re- sistance (1878): On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat ( 1880) : On Concave Gratings for Optical Purposes (1883); and On the Relative Wave Lengths at the Lines of the Solar Spectrum (188(31. His collected physical papers were pub- lished by the Johns Hopkins Press, 1902. To this collection there is prefixed a biographical sketch by Professor T. C. ilendenhall. ROWLANDS, nVIandz, S.muel (c.1570-?). An English author, who published about twenty- five famous pam])hlets in prose and verse. Some are on religious themes, but most are satires on contemporary manners. The series began with The Betraying' of Christ, a poem (1598), and closed with Heaven's Glory. Seeke it. Earth's Vanitie. Flye it. Helle's Horrour. Fere it (in verse and prose. 1628) . Of his satirical work, a good specimen is The Letting of Humours Blood i7i the Head-Vaine (1600), a collection of satires and epigrams, assailing his contemporaries under fictitious names. To the same year belongs the similar A Mery Metinge, or 'tis Mery uhen Knaves mete. Both these pamphlets were burned by the authorities, and the publishers were fined for handling them. Martin Mark-all. Beadle of ( 17(i2-lS24) . .
Anglo-.Xmerican dramatist, nov-
Brideu-ell (1610), is an excellent account of the elist, and actress. Her novel Victoria (I78t>) rogues of the time. Consult the reprint of his brought her father a iiensioii. Her husband Works, with an introduction by Gosse (Huntc- became bankrupt, and in 1792 she sought rian Club. Glasgow. 1872-1886). The introduc- support from the stage, coming in the next tion was reissued in Gosse's Seventeenth Century Studies (London. 1883). ROWLANDSON, nyinnd-son. JUrt. An English colonist of the seventeenth century, famous for one book. Her husband was .Joseph , ,, , , ■ i ■• i Eowlandson. the first minister of Lancaster, she opened in Boston a sehoo for girls which Mass. On February 10. 1675, Lancaster was she conducted with honorable suece.ss until destroyed bv the Indians, who carried olT Mrs. 1822. She also edited The Boston 11 eekly Maga- Rowlandson and her children. After her release ^i.ic. Of her novels the niostpopuhir was ( /ij.r- three months later appeared her book, called A lotte Temple, a Talc oi Iruth (1.90) founded True History of the Captirit,, and Restoration on an adventure of a kinsman with a girl of Mrs. Ro,rlandson. a Minister's Wife in Ne.v whose grave m^v still be s.K-n 'n T"n- England, Whereunto is Annexed a Sermon by ity Churchyard, New ork, with Temple sub- year to .merica, where she acted at . napo- "lis. Philadelphia. Baltimore, and Boston, until 1795, appearing mainly in her own plays. The Volunteers, a farce (1793), .iMK-nVaiis in Eng- land (1797), and others. Leaving the stage.
