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EXJSSELL. 364 BUSSELL. in Russell's discovery of the wave of translation anil his ilevclopment of tlic wave-line system of sliipbuikling. Another paper On the Laws by ^'hich Water Opposes Itesistaiice to the Motion of Floating Bodies, which he read before the Royal Society of Edinbnrjih in 1837, earned him the society's larpe gold medal. For a nuniber of years he was manajrer of a sliip-buiUlinj; plant at Greenock. In 1844 he removed to London, where he began to build vessels of the largest sizes. His two most famous ventures were the Great Fasten), the subsequent failure of which forced him to abandon ship-building, and the armored frigate Warrior, the first seagoing ves- sel of its kind. He was one of the foiuulers of the Institution of Xaval Architects, was for some time its vice-president, and contributed fre- qiently to its Transactions. He also contributed to the seventh edition of the Enci/clopccdia Bri- tannicu (1841). and wrote a number of works on naval architecture. BUSSELL, Ono William Leopold, first Baron Ampthill (1829-84). An English diplomatist. He was born at Florence, was privately educated, and entered upon a diplomatic career as attache of the English embass}' at Vienna. From 1850 to 1S.5"2 he was under Lord Palmerston in the English Foreign Office. He was subsequently in diplomatic service at Paris, Vienna, Constanti- nople. Washington, and Florence, and from 1800 to 1870 was acting ilinister at the Vatican. In 1871 he was appointed Ambassador at Ber- lin, where lie did much to promote cordial rela- tions between England and Germany. BUSSELL, Sol Smith (1848-1902). An American actor. He was born at Brunswick, Me. He served as a drummer bo.y in the Union Army, and in 1864 he became connected with a theatre at Cairo, 111. For several years he de- voted himself largely to monologues and musical performances, till he won a recognized place as a "lyceum' entertainer. He went to New York City in 1871 and in 1S74 became a member of Daly's company. He began as a regular star in 18S0 with a play called Edgeuood Folks. In this and in liis subsequent productions, such as Peace- ful Valley, A Poor Relation, A Bachelor's Ro- mance, and The Hon. John Grigsby, the evenness and finish of his acting, his peculiarly quaint and gentle humor, and the truth and delicacy of his pathos wfln for him real and lasting popular- ity througliout the country. In 1900 ill healtli compelled him to retire. Consult: McKay and Wingate. Famous .Imerican Actors of To-Day (New York, 180(i) ; Strang, Famous Actors of the Day in America (Boston, 1900). BUSSELL, William, Lord (1639-83). An English Whig Parliamentarian. He was the third son of William, fifth Earl RnsscII. and was educated at Cambridge. From 1C60 to 1G78 he was member of Parliament for Tavistock; in 1674 he inveighed against the corruption of the Cabal, the influence of France, the dishonorable com- mencement of the war with Holland, and the fraud practiced ipon the bankers, and was afterwards conspicuous wherever the cause of constitutional liberty could be befriended. In 1680. at the head of more than two hundred members of the Conmions. he carried to the House of Lords the Bill of Exclusion, directed against the Duke of York's succession to the throne. The King and the Duke determined to be revenged upon Russell and to crush the leaders of the Whig Party. Charged as particijiators in the Rye llou.se plot (q.v.). Lord Russell and Algernon Sidney were arrested, arraigned for high treason, and by the aiil of perjured witnesses and a packed jury were sentenced to death. Charles II. was dis- jiosed to show mercy, but the Duke of York in- sisted upon the prisoners' deatli. The unconsti- tutional murder of Russell, followed b}' that of Sidney, led, in the ne.t reign, to the overthrow of the Stuart regime. Consult Russell, Life of William. Lord Russell (London, 1820). BUSSELL, William Clark (1844—). An English novelist. He was born in New York City of English parentage, was educated in Eng- land and in France, and in 1857 shipped as a uiidshi]lman on an English merchantman. He followed the sea until 1S65, when he settled in Lond(m, and turned his attention to writing. Tn 1874 he brought out his first sea story, John lloldsn-orlh, Chief Hate, and from that time on his success was assured, and stories drawn from his experience and knowledge of the seafaring life followed one another in quick succession. His stories are written in a clear picturesque style, display considerable dramatic skill, and are said by seamen to be the most faithful portrayals of life on the sea ever written. Among his pub- lished works are: The Wreck of the Grosrenor (1875): The Lady .Mand (187G); A Sailor's Sa-cethcart (1877) ; An Ocean Freelance (1878) ; .1/^ tihipmnte Louise (1882): The Ship; Her Story (1894); The Convict Ship (1894): What Cheer! (1895) ; Rose Ireland (1896) ; The Last Entry (1897); The Two Captains (1897); 7'7i.e Romance of a Midshipman (1898): The Ship's Adventure (1899): and lives of Lord Colling- wood (1891) and Admiral Xelson (1897). BUSSELL, William Ellstis (1857-96). An American lawyer and Governor, born in Cam- bridge, Mass. He was educated at Harvard and at the Boston University Law School. In 1880 he be- came a member of the Boston law firm of Russell & Russell, of which his father and two brothers were already members. In 1885 he was chosen Mayor of his native city, and for two suc- ceeding years was reelected with no opposition. His effective administration of the city's affairs, particularly in the enforcement of the local- option law, attracted wide attention. At his third nomination for the office of Governor in 1890 he was elected, and was reelected in 1891 and 1892, in each ease his victory being largely a personal one. His administration was marked b}' impar- tiality and lack of partisanship. In 1893 he resumed his law practice. Early in 1896 a strong movement became apparent in the Eastern States to nominate him for the Presidency, but his strong and freely expressed views in favor of a gold standard rendered its success impossible. A movement to name him for the Pi'esidency on a Democratic gold-standard platform was checked by his sudden death in his camp in the Nova Scotia woods a week after the Chicago convention of that year. BUSSELL, Sir Williaji Howard (1820—). A British journalist, born in Ireland. He was educated at Trinity College. Dublin. He wrote for the London Times in 1841. and became at- tached to the Parliamentary corps of that paper in 1843. His first important expedition as a cor- respondent was in 1854, when he was sent by