Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/429

EUSTOW. 889 RUTH. Ziiricli, where he lectured at the university on iiiilitiiry science. In ISCO lip joineii (iiuilialili, in Juicily, and distinj;iiislied himself by an ener- getic and decisive attack which did much to decide the battle of Vcilturno. I'pon his return to Zuricli he resumed his military studies and became one of the most celebrated of modern writ- ers on military science. His numerous writings incltide: (fcucjiiclitc dcs firiecliischcn Kricc/sim'Heufi ( lS."i2-.').")) : Do- Krivij ran ISO.') in ncKtschhiiid iiml lldlien (18.53-o'J) : Uer Kricy und seine Mil- It I (18.56); Die Feldhcrrnkun.s't dcs 19. .lahr- hiinderts (1857) ; and Die crstcn Fehlziige Bona- pinhs in Ittiliin und DcutscliUmd (1807). RUTA BAGA. See TuRXip. RTJTE, rut, IMme. de Solms Eatt.'^zzi de. See l!o-N.p.BTE, L.ETiTi. Marie Wyse. RUTEBETJF, rut'bef ( c.l2:20-e. 128,5 ) . A French poet of the thirteentli century. His real name is not known. He wrote, often satirically, about the foibles of his time, rebuking monks and nuns, confessing his own sins, and speculating upon life and death. Some of his ideas reappear in ^"illon two centuries later. Besides his satiri- cal (loems. Rutelieuf wrote a number of fabliaux and Lc Miracle dc Throphile, a sort of miracle play. Untebcuf has the merit of a clear style, which is spicy and original when he is really interested. His ir()i7,s have been edited, with a Life, by .Tuliinal (new ed. Paris. 1874-75). Consult also Clcdat. Ruteheuf (Paris, 1801); Kressnel. Rute- heiif. cin franzosixcJier Diehter des XIIl. Jahr- hniiilerts (Cassel. 1894). RUTGERS, riifgerz, Henry (174.5-1830). An American patriot and philanthropist, born in New York City. He graduated at King's Col- lege (now Columbia University) in 1766. at the outbreak of the Revolution entered the Conti- nental Army, in 1776 took part as a captain in the battle of White Plains, and after the war became successively major and colonel of New York militia. He also took an important part in State politics, and was elected to the Assem- bly as a Republican in 1784. 1.800, 1801, 1802, and 1807. From 1802 to 18-26 he was a regent of the University of the State of New Y'ork. In 1819 he was a member of a conuuittee organized with a view to perfecting a method for cliecking the advance of slavery. He is probably best known as the benefactor of Rutgers College (q.v.). He also gave numerous sites for church purposes, and his charities were liberal. RUTGERS COLLEGE. An institution of higher learning, at New Brunswick. N. .T.. origi- nally planned by Theodore .Tames Frelinghuysen and Hendrik Fisher, in 1738, l)ut not begun till 1755, when Theodore Frelinghuysen, the son of Theodore .Tames, urged the formation of a col- lege to be nurtured by the Dutch Cliurch, and went to Holland to solicit aid. He died on his return voyage, and it was not until 1766 that the institution was chartered as Queen's College, in honor of Queen Charlotte. The present site of the college was secured in 1808, and the pres- ent Middle building, now known as Queen's College, was erected in 1809. In 1825 a gift from Colonel Henry Rutgers, of New York, gave new life to the institution, and the present name was given to the college. A grammar school was established at the same time as the college; medical degrees were conferred upon the students of an affiliated medical faculty in New York ns early as 1792; and in 1864 the seientitie .school was designated by the Legislature as the State College for the Benelit of .Agriculture and tlio Mechanic Arts, to which the act of IS87 added an agricultural ex|K'riment station. The classical and the scientific departments of the college are very closely related. In the Classical School the courses lead to the degree of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of 1-etters; in the Scientilie School to that of Bachelor of Science, (iradiiate work leads to the degrees of M. A.. Ph. 1).. and .S-. 0. The degree of Civil Kngiiu'cr is conf.'rnd for three years' satisfactory practice and study of engineering. Graduates" of the Theological Semi- nary of New Brunswick may re(rcive the degi-ee of Bachelor of Divinity. The college has sueeoss- fully devcIo]ieil a system of student self-govern- ment. In 1903 there were 62 classical ami 161 scientilie students, with a faculty of 30. The library contained 45.(!55 volumes. The endow- ment was .$1,200,000. with an income of about .$60,000. The hftecn buildings, including the Ceramics Building and the Ralph X'oorhees Li- brary, erected in 1902-03, were valued, with the grounds, at $1,000,000. RUTH (Heb. Jiuth, friend). Book of. One of the canonical books of the Old Testament, be- longing to the third division of the Hebrew Canon (the Hagiographa) . It relates events of the time of the .Judges, and in the English Bilde, as in the Septuagint and Vulgate, follows the Book of .Tiidges. The Book of Ruth tells how Elimclccb, with his wife, Naomi, and his two sons, Mahlon and Chilion. left their home in .Judah because of a famine and settled in the land of Jloab. There the sons married Moabite women. Ruth and Orpah. Elimelccli and his sons died and Naomi decided to return to her native land. She advised her daughters-in-law to remain in Moab and remarry. Orpah com- plied, but Ruth declared that nothing but death should separate her from Naomi. The two women came to Bethlehem and there Ruth gained favor with Boaz, a kinsman of Elinielech and one of the leading men of Bethlehem. She claimed his protection as a kinsman, at the in- stigation of Naomi. IJoaz was willing to accept the responsibility, but in accorilauce with cus- tom, a 'nearer' kinsman must be consulted. Sum- moning the ciders of the city as witnesses, Boaz called upon this kinsman to redeem Elimelech's patrimony, which poverty compelled Naomi to sell, involving the duty to marry Ruth in order to "raise up the name of the dead upon his inheritance." The kinsman resigned his rights in favor of Boaz. and accordingly the latter married Ruth, and their first-born son, Obcd, be- came the grandfather of David. Opinions as to the date and purpose of the Book of Ruth dill'er. It has been called a religious romance, a jiuicly lictitious narrative told in order to point to a moral, and included in the canon mainly becau.se of the reference at the end to the genealogy of David. The aim of the writer is thought to have been to protest against the tendency, represented in the Books of Ezra and Nohemiah. to eondenui marriages between Hebrews and surrounding nations. If David, the ideal .Tewish King, were descended from a Moabite woman, mixed marriages could hardly