Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/428

BUST. 388 BUSTOW. plants tlint remain. The thick- walled, two- celled restinjr spores produced at this time will not germinate until they have hihernated. but in early spring- they germinate upon barberry plants, forniing what are called basidiosi)ores, or sporidia. Thus the life cycle is completed. While progress seems to have been made in combating many plant diseases by means of fiuigicides. etc., little has been accomplished in the prevention of wheat rust in spite of the at- tention and study given to this problem. While apparently no variety is wholly exempt, there is great variation in the susceptibility of different varieties. As a rule the hard red wheats, the leaves and stems of which have a decided bloom, are more resistant than others, and resistant varieties will probably be developed along this line, as also in the breeding of early ripening varieties, which largely escape injury. Since late sowing upon moist soils 'almost always re- sults in a badly rusted crop, such should be avoided. Consult: Carleton, "Cereal Rusts of the United States," United States Department of Agriculture, DiriKion Vegelahh' Patlioloijical Bulletin 16 (Washington) ; Eriksson and Hennings, Die (Iclreiderosic (Stockholm. 1800) ; Eriksson, "The Present Status of the Cereal Rust Problem," Botanical Gazette 26 (1898), p. 37: Hitchcock and Carleton, "Rusts of Grain," Kansas Experi- mental Imitation Bulletins 3S and Jf6 (Manhat- tan. 1S93, 1804) : Galloway. "Experiments in the Treatment of Rusts of Wheat and Other Cereals," United Imitates Drpartnient of Agriculture Re- port (Washington, 1892) ; McAlpine, Report on Rust in Wheat Experiments (Melbourne, 1894) ; Sorauer. I'flanzenkrankheiten (Berlin, 1896). RUS'TAM. A legendary Iranian hero, whose adxent.ures are related in the Shah-Namah of Firdausi (q.v.). During the first day of his life he grew as much as other children do in a year. Before reaching manhood he entered the fortress of Sipend in disguise and avenged the murder of his great-grandfather Nariman. His father, Zal, made Rvi.stam a Pahlavan or hero of the realm. After some years, on the death of Garshasp or Keresaspa, Rustam was commissioned to offer the cro^'n of Zabulistan to Kai Kobad. Tliis accomplished, he defeated with the help of the new sovereign the armies of the Turanian chief Afrasyab, upon which the Turanian King, Pashang, sued for peace. During the reign of Kai Kaus, the successor of Kai Kobad, the hero performed seven adventures to deliver his King from the ruler of Mazanderan. These adventures are the killing of a lion by Rustam's horse Raksh, the discovery of a spring in a desei't, the destruction of an enormous dragon, the killing of an enchant- ress, the defeat of AuUid, the lord of Southern Mazanderan, who was forced to guide Rustam to the cavern of the White Demon, the defeat of the demon /rzang, and finally the death of the White Demon. Losing his horse Raksh, Rustam visited the city of Samangan to recover it. There he wedded the Princess Tahminah. He was called away, however, and left a bracelet as a token of recognition for his imborn child. This son, Suhrab, was brought up, nevertheless, lui- known to his father, and became a famous war- rior on the Turanian side. In single combat father and son met, and Suhrab was slain. Rec- ognizing the corpse by the bracelet, Rustam went to Zabulistan, but later renewed the war on the Turanians, and performed countless feats of arms during the three succeeding reigns. The base-born sun of Zal, and Gushtasp's son-in-law, named Shaghad, angered by the annual tribute of a cow-skin paid to Zabul by Kabul, finally enticed Rustam with a hundred of his knights to Kabul, where the,y were entra])ped in a park in which pits filled with javelins had been made. Into one of these Rustam fell and jierished, liv- ing only long enough to shoot a fatal arrow at Sliagliad. The Rxistam cycle is not found in Iranian literature until a comparatively recent period. The legend was known, however, at least in part, as early as the seventh or eighth cen- tury. The episode is familiar to English readers through Matthe^V Arnold's poem Sohrab and Rust n 1)1. RUSTCHUK,, or BUSCTJK, n.is'chuk. A town of Bulgaria, on the Danube, opposite the Rumanian town of Giurgcvo, 139 miles northwest of Varna ( Map : Balkan Peninsula, F 3 ) . It is an important manufacturing centre, producing tobacco and cigars, soap, beer, and good pottery. Its trade is also considerable. Under the Turks Rustchuk was an important fortress. Population, in 1900, 32,061. RUSTIC (or Rusticated) WORK (Lat. rus- ticus, relating to the countr,v, from rus, country), and Rustication. The name of that kind of masonry in which the various stones or courses are marked at the joints by plaj's or recesses. ■The projecting surface thus left is sometimes called bossed, if the surface is entirely or com- paratively dressed, and rustic when left rough and irregular or made artificially irregular. Rus- tication is chieflj' used in Renaissance arcliitee- ture, pai'ticularl.y in the later jieriod of the Barocco style, although rustic quoins were often used in rinigli Gothic work. RUSTIGE, rvis'ti-ge, Heinrich von (1810- 1900). A German liistorical genre and landscape painter and poet, born at Werl, Westphalia. He was a jjupil of Schadow at the Diisseldorf Acad- emy, and won success with one of his first pic- tures, "Swiss Women Seeking Shelter from Storm" (1836, National Gallery,"Berlin). In 1845 he became professor at the School of Art in Stutt- gart and inspector of the royal galleries. Of his other works may be pointed out "Inundation Scene" (1841), in the National Gallery, Berlin; "Duke of Alva and the Countess of Rudolstadt" (1861), "Otho I. After Conquering the Danes" (1872), both in the Stuttgart Museum; and "Transportation of the Remains of Otho III. Across the Alps" (1863), Stettin Museum. As a poet he was favorably known through several dramas, and through lyrics, both serious and humorous. He also published Das Poetische in der hildenden Kunst (1876), an essay in oesthet- ies. RUST MITE. See Orange Insects. RUSTBE. In heraldry, one of the subordi- naries. See Heraldry. RUSTOW, ru'st6, Wiliielm (1821-78). A Prussian soldier and writer, born at Branden- burg. Because of the liberal views he ex))ressed in his pamphlet. Der deutsche Militiirstaat vor und w'dhrend der Revolution (1850-51). he was court-martialed, but managed to escape before sen- tence was pronounced on him. He settled in