Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/489

SAINT-JACOB. ■147 SAINT JOHN. the anniversary of the battle is oolebnitcd every year. The Swiss fought for ten liours anil slew three times their number, but were themselves destroyed, except ten men. The wine of the neighborhood is called Schiccizcr Blut, or Swiss blood. SAINT JAMES'S COFFEEHOUSE. A for- mer noted resort on Saint .Tanic^'s Street, Lon- don, a Whig gathering-place during tlic cight<'cnlh century. Swift, Goldsmith, Garrick, and .John- son were among its patrons. It was removed about 1800. SAINT JAMES OF THE SWORD. { 1 ) A military Grder of S]iain, estalilisbed during the reign of Ferdinand II. of Leon and Galicia. about 1170, and confirmed by Pope Alexander III, in 1175. It had its origin in an association of thirteen knights, who banded together for the purpose of protecting the pilgrims to the shrine of Saint James of Compostela against the attacks of the Moors. The Order played an important part in the long struggle against the Jlohannnedau power, but. owing to its extensive ])rivileges and power, aroused the jealousy of the Crown, under whose jurisdiction it was placed in 1493. In 1522 a Papal bull vested the office of grand master in the Spanish monarch. ' The in- signia of the Order is a golden shield, bearing a broad cruciform sword in red. (2) A Portu- guese Order (Sao Thiago da Espada) established as an oflshoot of the Spanish Order, about 1290, and sanctioned by a Papal bull in 1.S20. The Order attained exceeding prosperity and in 156fi was united with the Crown. It was secularized in 1789 and made a civil and military Order of merit. It was reorganized in 1802, to be con- ferred henceforth for distinguished merit in science, art, and literature, (3) A Brazilian Order established on the removal of the Portu- guese royal family to Brazil in 1808. It was secularized in 1843 and suspended in 1890. SAINT JAMES'S PALACE, The London residence of the British sovereigns, from William III, to the accession of Victoria, and now used for levees and drawing-rooms. The Court of Saint -James's is still the official designation of the British Court. It is a large inelegant brick structure fronting on Pall ilall. Originally a hospital dedicated to Saint James, it was re- constructed and made a manor by Henry VIIL, who added a park to it. which he inclosed with a brick wall, to connect Saint James's with Whitehall, then the royal residence. Additions and improvements gradually changed the original palace, so that little, if any. of the old structure remains. In 1837 the royal household was trans- ferred to Buckingham Palace. Saint James's Park lies south of the palace and extends over 87 acres. It is embellished with avenues of trees, and a fine piece of water in the centre. On the eastern side is the parade, where the bodyguards on duty are mustered, and where the regimental bands perform in fine weather. On tlic out- skirts are situated Buckingham Palace, StafYoul House, and Marlborough House. Consult Shep- pard. Memorials of Saint James's Palace (Lon- don, 1894). SAINT JANTJA'RITJS, Order of. An order of knightliood foumled in 1738 by Charles III., King of the Two Sicilies, as a reward for ser- vice in the defense of the Roman Catholic Church ami fidelity toward the sovereign. It beeamo extinct in 1801 on the union of Sicily with the Italian Crown. SAINT-JEAN D'ACRE, sa.N'zhU.N' diik'r'. A seaiiort of Syria. .Si^c .iiii;. SAINT-JEAN-D'ANGELY, dii.VzbA'U. Tho capital of an arrondissement in the Department of Cliarente-lnferieure, 30 miles soith of Niort, on the Boutonne Kiver (Map: France, F 0). Its chief objects of interest are the ruins of the old abbey and the thirteenth-century church. Population, in 1901, 7041, The town grew up around a Benedictine abbey, which the Calvinists destroye<l in l.")ri8. It was a Protestant strong- hold until its capture by Louis XIU. in 1019, SAINT JOHN, The chief town of the British West Indian island of Antigua, and capital of the Leeward group ; situated on the western side of the island at the end of a somewhat shal- low bay (Map: West Indies, K 0). It is well built and has several fine public buildings. The availability of its harbor is somewhat diminished by the bar at its mouth, which makes it inac- cessible for heavier vessels. Population, in 1901, 9282. SAINT JOHN. A city, seaport, and county- seat of Saint .lolin County, Xew Brunswick, Canada, at the mouth of the Saint John Kiver, on the Bay of Fundy, and on the Intercolimial, the Canadian Pacific, and the Grand Southern railroads, 190 miles northwest of Halifax (Map: New Brunswick. C 4). The harbor is one of the best on the continent: the entrance is ijrotccted by Partridge Island, on which are a lighthouse and a quarantine hospital. The channel is protected on the east by a breakwater. The city is built on a rocky peninsula, sloping up from the harbor, and with Portland, a city absorbed since 1889, and Carleton on the west side of the harbor, covers about 0000 acres. The streets are laid out at right angles: they are wide and some of them are cuttings 40 feet deep through solid rock: a steel cantilever railroad bridge and a highway suspension bridge span the river gorge. The principal building materials are brick and stone. Among the public buildings are the court house and jail, the Provincial Insane Asylum, market house. Post-Office. City Hospital. City Hall, Public Library, Sailors' Home, Wiggins Orphan Asylum for Sailors' Sons, Protestant and Roman Catholic orphan asylums. Mechanics' In- stitute, Masonic and Odd Fellows' halls, and Home for Aged Females. There are electric street railroads and municipal water-works sup- plied from Little River. The chief article of export is lumber, but there is also an important trade in fish, furs, and agricultural produce. Saint John is the eonuuercial centre of New Brunswick: its shipping ranks third on Canada's official register. The manufactures include ships, lumber, machinery, tools, i)aper, leather, car- riages. l)Oots and shoes, cotton, etc. On .bmuary 24, 1604. the feast day of Saint John the Baptist, whence its name, the Jlicmac Indian settlement here was first visited by Champlain and De Monts. Saint .John became a permanent Euro- pean settlement in 1035. From 1043 to 1045 it was the scene of internecine French conflicts and of the tragic hanging of the whole garrison by a successful rival of the commander. In 1758 it was taken bv an Anglo-American force, although it