Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/551

SALOMON. 4i*3 SALONIKI. SALOMON, sii'Ionioii. Joiiaxn- Peter ( 1743- 181.)). A tiLTiiiau-Eiiglish musician, lioin ut Bonn. WlifU youiij,' he was attached to the service of Prince Henry of Prussia, for «liom he com- poscil several ojieras. In 1781 he visited Paris and afterwards London, where he settled for the rest of his life. His scries of subscription con- certs in London in 171)0 were notalde. He pro- duced the twelve symphonies of Hayiln, known as the "Salomon Set." His compositions include songs, part songs, violin solos, and concertos. Two years before his death he founded the Lon- don Philharmonic Society. He was interred in 'c^t minster Ablicy. SALOMON ISLANDS. See Solomon Isl- ands. SAL'OMONS, Sir David (1797-1873). An Eni;lish merchant, legislator, and writer, born in Lonilon, of Jewish parentage. He early engaged in commerce in London, was one of the founders of the London and Westminster Bank in 18.32, and was elected a sheriff for London and Middle- sex in 1835. As Jews had not formerly been considered eligible for the shrievalty, a special act of Parliament was passed to establish the legality of his election. He was instrumental in securing the passage by Parliament in 1845 of a bill enabling .Jews to hold municipal offices, and in 1847 was chosen alderman of C'ordwainer ward. Jn 1851 he was elected as a Liberal to Parliament from Greenwich, but refused to take the pre- scribed oath. In 1858 the oath prescribed for members of Parliament was altered so that a Jew could take it without violating his con- science, and from 1859 continuously until his death Salomons represented Greenwich. In 1855 he was elected Lord Mayor of London, and in 1809 was created a baronet. His publications include: A Defense of Joint-stock Banks { 1837) ; The Monetary Difficulties of America ( 1837 ) : An Account of the Persecution of the Jeics at Damas- cus (1840); Parliamentary Oaths (1850); and Alteration of Oaths (1853), SALON, sa'lox'. A town of the Department of Bouches-du-RhOne, France. 20 miles north- west of Aix. The fourteenth-century Church of Saint Lawrence contains the tomb of the astrol- oger Xostradamus. Xear by, at Lanrjon, is a Roman camp in good preservation. Olive oil and soap are manufactured, and there is also a trade in almonds. Population, in 1901, 12,872. SALON (Fr., drawing-room). A room de- voted to the reception of company, and hence a periodic reunion for conversational and social purposes. Such reunions have been very common in Paris, and have had a marked influence not only upon literature and manners, but also upon politics. The first salon proper was that of the Hotel de Ranibouillet (q.v.). Immediately after the cessation of political turmoil illle. de Scu- d^ry (q.v.) began her famous Saturday evenings in the Rue de Beauce, which were attended by Conrart. Menage, Balzac, ilnie. de la Suze. and Mnie. de S^vigne, but were looked down upon by the nobility. The real successor of the JIarquise de Ranibouillet was JIme. de Sable, who at her salon succeeded in bringing together the aristoc- racy of intellect and that of birth. Salons now be- gan to multiply, and the system flourished until the middle of the nineteenth century. In the seventeenth century, besides those already men- tioned, the salons of Xinon de PKnclos and Mme. Scarron (afterwards de Mainlenoii) were spe- cially famous; in the eighleeiilli, those of Mme. du Dell'and, of Mile, de Lespiiiasse, of Mme. Gcof- rin, of Mme. de Turjiin, of JInu-. Necker, inul of ilme. Roland ; and in the nineteenth, those of Mme, de Stael, of Mme. Rccamier, of Mme, Vigde le Urun, of ilnie. de Girardin, and of Jlnie, ilolil were among the most c<)nspi<.uous. There were salons which were distimlively political, or literary, or philosophic, but the greater number aimed rather at an eclecticism which all'onled meeting places for all sorts of tah'uls and all shades of belief or unbelief. Consult: Bassnn- ville, Les salons (Vautrefois (Paris, 1802-70); Wharton, S<ahms Colonial and J{ci}ublican (Phila- delphia, 1900), SALON, The Pauls, The title by which the annual cxhiiiition of jjaintings, sculpture, engrav- ings, etchings, pastels, and water colors is known, and which is helil in the Palais de ITndiistrie, Paris, from May 1st to June 22(1. The exhibition is open to living artists of whatever nationality, subject to their works meeting with the ac- ceptance of the jury of experts elected by the votes of the exhibitors themselves. Those who have received the requisite number of medals or other recompenses at previous exhibitions are placed hors concours, and their works are cxemjit from examination by the jury. The prizes, consisting of various medals and the Prix de Rome (q.v.), are within the gift of the same jury, and are the object of eager competition. Annual exhibitions by members of the Royal Academy were first helil at the Palais Royal" in 1667, and in 1669 they were transferred to the Salon Carre of the Louvre, whence they obtained their name. The Revolution abolished the special privileges of the members of the Royal Academy, and in 1791 opened the doors of the .Salon to all French artists. In 1855 the Salon for the first time was held at its present quarters in the Palais de I'lndustrie. Previous to 1872 the Salon was in charge of the artist members of the Institute, but the preponderance of architects among them led the Ciovernment, in 1872, to put it in charge of the exhibitors themselves, organized as the Society des Artistes Frangais. Dissensions consequent upon the awards at the exposition of 1889 re- sulted in the formation of the Societo Nationale des Beaux-Arts, which holds an independent ex- hibition in the Champs de Mars from May 15th to .July 15th each year. The Paris Salon is the precursor of the similar exhibitions in London and elsewhere. SALO'NA. Xow a village in Dalmatia, near Spalato (q.v.) ; formerly an important city of the Roman Empire. Diocletian was born in it and retired to it after his abdication. JIany remains of the Roman occupation have been brouglit to light in recent 3'ears. SALONIKI,' sii'lft-ne'kd (Turk. Selanik). The capital of a vilayet of the same name and the second seaport in European Turkey, situated at the northern end of an inlet of the Gulf of Saloniki, about 140 miles south of (Sofia (Map: Balkan Peninsula, D 4). It lies partly on the flat coast of the inlet and partly on the slopes of Jlount Kissos. It is still ]iartly surrounded by white walls, and is commanded by the citadel of Heptapyrgion or Seven Towers. Saloniki,