peared at the Opéra Comique in Paris. In 1895 she returned to the United States and sang with success in French and Italian opera. Her reputation was established in France by her rendering of important roles in Massenet's operas. In 1897 she married Antonio Terry, and upon his death, two years later, she took up her residence in Paris. Her voice was a soprano of great flexibility and purity of tone. She died in Paris.
SANDES, sănds, Eloise (1850— ). The founder of soldiers' homes in Ireland and India. She was born near the city of Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland, and at an early age evinced her practical sympathy for the military garrisons in Ireland. Beginning with her own home, which she placed at the disposal of the rank and file of the Tralee garrison, she was led to invest her own income in the building of a home in Cork, which became so successful that funds were readily obtainable to carry on the work. In 1903 there were nearly twenty such institutions under the care of Miss Sandes, in Ireland and India.
SANDFORD AND MERTON. A story by Thomas Day (1783-89). It is didactic and had great popularity for many years.
SAND-GROUSE. A game bird of the family Pteroclidæ, related more nearly to the pigeons than to the grouse. There are rather more than sixteen species, chiefly African, but five are Asiatic and two of these occur also in Europe. They are in all important respects terrestrial pigeons, modified for a grouse-like life. The genus Syrrhaptes contains the three-toed forms, of which there are two species. They have the feet feathered. The tail is long and pointed, the middle feathers filamentous and long-exserted. Both species occur in Asia, but occasionally migrate into Europe, even as far as England, in great numbers. The genus Pterocles contains the four-toed forms, of which the best known is the common or ‘banded’ sand-grouse (Pterocles arenaria), abundant in Southeastern Europe. Another species (Pterocles alchata) also occurs in Europe and is sometimes called ganga, a name occasionally extended to the whole family. Consult: Morris, British Game Birds (London, 1891); Bryden, Nature and Sport in South Africa (London, 1897); Elliot, “A Study of the Pteroclidæ,” in Proceedings of the Zoölogical Society of London (London, 1878). See Plate of Partridges, etc.
SAND′HAM, Henry (1842— ). A Canadian historical and portrait painter, born in Montreal. He studied under J. A. Fraser in his native city, then studied abroad, and settled in Boston in 1880. His works include “Battle of Lexington,” “March of Time,” and “Founding of Maryland,” and a portrait of Sir John Macdonald. He was elected a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Art in 1880. His illustrations are also well known.
SAND-HILL CRANE. A very large species of crane (Grus Mexicana) found in the Mississippi Valley and southeastward to Georgia and Florida. It is a shy bird, with acute sight and hearing. Its body is about four feet long. The name is extended to other cranes, and is also erroneously given in some places to the great blue heron. See Crane.
SANDHOPPER. An amphipod crustacean. These so abound on sandy shores that often the whole surface of the sand seems to be alive with the multitudes which, leaping up for a few inches into the air, fill it like a swarm of dancing flies. They may also be found by digging in the sand, in which they burrow. Sandhoppers leap by bending the body together and throwing it open with a sudden jerk. They feed on almost any vegetable or animal substance, particularly on what is already dead and beginning to decay. They are themselves the food of crabs, and of many kinds of birds. See Amphipoda.
SAND′HURST ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE. The preparatory college for military cadets of the British Army, corresponding to the United States Military Academy (q.v.) at West Point. It is situated at Sandhurst, Berkshire, 33 miles west-southwest of London. Admission to the college is by open competition through examinations which are conducted each half year, under the direction of the Civil Service Commission. See Military Education.
SAN DIEGO, sän dḗ-ā′gṓ. A port of entry and the county seat of San Diego County, Cal., 125 miles south by east of Los Angeles, on San Diego Bay, and on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, and several steamship lines (Map: California, E 5). San Diego Bay forms a superb land-locked harbor, 22 square miles in area. The Navy and the War Department have separately large tracts of land on the bay, for a coaling station and fortifications respectively, the latter known as Fort Rosecrans. A health resort of some prominence, San Diego is favored by a beautiful situation and a mild equable climate. It is the seat of a State Normal School, and has the Academy of Our Lady of Peace, a Carnegie public library, the Hospital of the Good Samaritan, and a fine court-house. Fort Stockton and the old Spanish mission are other noteworthy features. Coronado Beach, across the bay, with the large Hotel del Coronado, an ostrich farm, botanical gardens, and other attractions, is a popular resort. San Diego has considerable commercial importance as the centre of extensive lemon and other fruit interests and as a port of entry. The value of the foreign trade in 1901 was $1,475,000, including exports to the amount of $963,000. The industrial establishments of the city in the census year 1900 had an invested capital of $1,147,712, and an output valued at $1,309,321. The principal manufactured products are carriages and wagons, flour, furniture, fertilizers, show cases, vinegar, wine, citric acid, oil of lemon, of orange, etc. The government, under the revised charter of 1901, is vested in a mayor, chosen every two years, a bicameral council, and in administrative officials. Population, in 1890, 16,159; in 1900, 17,700, In 1769 the first California mission was established here, and in 1835 the ‘pueblo’ was organized, San Diego thus being the oldest municipality in the State. In 1846 Commodore Stockton took possession of the place for the United States, and established a fort which is still known as Fort Stockton. The growth of the present city dates from 1867. The charter now in operation was granted in 1889. Consult: Gunn, San Diego, Climate, Productions, Resources, Topography (San Diego, 1887); Wood, Home-land, being a brief description of the city and county of San Diego (ib., 1901).
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