Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/628

SANTIAGO DE CUBA. 562 SANTILLANA. those I'onUitions are now very j;ieiit!y improved. Water is brought to the city by an aciiieihict. but the supply is irregular. the best street is the broad and level Calle de Christina, running along the water front. The Plaza de Annas, wliieh has four parterres planted with trees, is surrounded by some of the best buildings in the eity, inelud- ing the Government palace and the cathedral. The latter is one of the olilest and largest ehurehes in the island. The (iovernnu-nt jialaee, t^ieatre. market, military hospital, and the Hos- pital de Caridad are modern buildings, the last mentioned being one of the best in the eity. The inilustries are largely dependent on the rich mining districts in the neighborhood. Copper and nnmgane.se are mined, but the iron mines are the most extensive, employing 40(10 hands, and iirodueing monthly nearly 50,000 tons of ore for export to the Init'ed Stales. In the city are iron foundries and machine shops, and also a number of tobacco factories. The commerce is very extensive both with foreign coinitries and witii the remainder of Cuba. The domestic trade, which until then was carried on cliietly by coasting steamers, was all'orded additional facilities by the completion in 1!)02 of the Cuban main trunk rail- road traversing the whole length of the island from Havana to Santiago. The exports are to- bacco. cofTee, sugar, iron ore and manganese, and cabinet woods. Pojnilation. in 1800, 43,090. Santiago was founded in 1.514 by Diego Ve- la.squez. It was soon after made the capital of Cuba, which it remained for about a century. In conunon with other towns on the Spanish Main, it siifTercd many vicissitudes from pirates and hostile fleets. In the Spanish-American War of 1808 it became the chief objective point of the American .attack on account of the fact that the Spanish fleet luidcr Admiral Cervera had taken refuge in the harbor. The city w'as in- vested by the American army under General Shafter and by a l)lockading squadron under Sampson. The heights of El Caney and San ■Tuan. in front of the town, were stormed on July l.st; the fighting continued on the 2d; on .July 3d the Spanish fleet, attempting to escape, was destroyed outside the harbor entrance; and on .July 14th the commanding general. Toral. capit- ulated, the formal surrender taking place on •Tuly 17th. See Spaxisii-American W.r. SANTIAGO DE CUBA, Society of the Army of. An hereditarj' military association, organized in Santiago de Cuba on July 1, 1898, and comi)leted at Camp WickofT, Jlontauk Point, I-ong Island, on Scptciulier 1,5, 1898. by the adop- tion of a constitution and the election of ollicers. It has for its objc'ct to preserve the memory of the events of the campaign which resulted in the capture of Santiago on .July 17, 1898. It admits to membership all those officers and sol- diers of the United States army who constituted the expeditionary force to Santiago de Cuba, and who worthily participated in the campaign between the dates of .Tune 14 and July 17. 1808. The insignia consists of a badge pendant from a ribbon. The badge is in the form of a Maltese cross. The colors of the ribbon are those of Spain, yellow and red. The motto of the society is, "As he died to make men holy, let us die to make men free." The membership is about 3.500. SANTIAGO DE LAS VEGAS, da las v.a'- gas. A town of Cuba, in the Province of La Habana, situated in a healthful location 8 miles south of Havana (Jlaj): Cuba, C 3). Its leading industry is the manufacture of tobacco. Popu- lation, in 1890, 7151. SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO, fe-ta'r4. A |)rovincc of Argentina, l)ouu(lcd on the north by Kl Cliaco, on the east by Santa F^, on the south by Cordoba, and on the west by Catamarca and Tucumfln (Map: Argentina, E 9). Area, 30.704 square miles. With the exception of the western part, which is somewhat mountainous, the surface of the province is generally level, and is very largely covered with forests, though the southern part consists more of open pamjias. and takes in a portion of the Salinas Grandes. It is watered by the Saladillo and the Salado. and has a fertile soil. Lumbering is the chief in- dustry, and there are a large number of steam saw-mills. Agriculture and stock-raising are also important. Population, in 1900, 180,012. Capital, Santiago del Estcro. SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO. The capital of the jjrovince of the same name, in Argentina, situated on the river Dulee, on the railroad lines from Tucumfm to Cordoba and Santa Fe (Map: Argentina. E 9). It has a national college and a normal school, but has declined in importance. Population, in 1805, 9817. It was founded in 1552, being the oldest town in the Republic. SANTIAGO DE LOS CABALLEROS, da l6s kii'na-lya'ros. A town of the Hcpublic of Santo DomingO; on the right bank of the Yaquf River, 24 miles south of Puerto Plata, with which it has railway connection (Map: Antilles, M 5). It is situated in the midst of the most fertile and healthful valley of the Republic, known as the Vega Real, and is the largest town of the in- terior, with a flourishing trade in tobacco. Popu- lation, about 10.000. SANTILLANA, slin'te-lyii'mi, Inigo L6pez DE Mendoza, Marques de (1308-1458). A noted Spanish soldier, poet, and scholar, born at Car- rion de los Condes. Old Castile, the son of an admiral and nephew of the Grand Chancellor Pedro Lopez de Ayala. From early manhood a prominent figure at the Court of .Juan II. of Castile, he was invested with the Marquisatc of Santillana for his successful campaign against the iloors of Granada, in 1437-39, and was created Count of Real de Manzanares for his part in deciding the battle of Olmedo (1445). He joined the conspiracy which brought about the downfall of the favorite Alvaro de T^una. in 1453, but after 1454 took less and less part in public affairs, devoting himself chiefly to literary pur- suits, and died at Guadalajara. While not an original genius, Santillana was an extremely skillful versifier, gifted with unusiual imitative powers which enabled him to reprodiu'c with great felicity the characteristics of the most dis- similar writers. He contributed much toward the transformation of Castilian poetry after classical Italian and cotirtly Provencal models and was the first in Spain to compose sonnets in imitation of Petrarch. These are, however, of prevalently historical interest, while genuine lyrical charm pervades his SerraniVas ( pastorals ) , of which the song of the "Vaquerii de la Finojosa" attained the widest popularity. Among his didactic poetry are to be especially noticed the