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SANTILLANA. 563 SANTO DOMINGO. Provabios or El Centiloquio (1449), a collection of oiu' liuiulred provcrlis in eiglit-linc stanzas; the Didlo'ic i' Bins faiilra Furluiui (144.S| ; ami the Dorliiiifil </< i>rirud(>s (14o.'i). Tlu' ilreani- dialogue Cuiiicdkla de I'uiisa is an allef,'i)iical poem in JJantisque manner, founded on I lie dis- astrous naval combat ort' Ponza, in 14.'ii), in wliieli tile kings of Aragou and Navarro and the Infante of Castile were taken prisoners by the tienoese. Santillana's complete Ohms were edited by Ama- dor de los Kios (Madrid, 1852). Consult Tiek- nor. History of tipaiiish Literature, i. (Boston, 1S72). SANT'LEY, Cn.A.Rij;s (1834—). An English barytone singer, born in Liverpool. He studied singing in Italy, later with tJarcia in I.on<lon, and appeared on the stage first in 18.57. 'In 1859 he married Gertrude Kemble, a well-known so- prano. He was for a few years with the Carl Kosa Opera Company, but his greatest successes came on the concert and oratorio platform. Ho toured with great success in America in 1871 and 1891, in Australia in 1889-90, and in Cape Colony in 1893. In 1892 he published mudcnt and Sinyer. His ballads, songs, and churcli music are well known. SANTO DOMINGO, siln'to do-men'go, or Dominican Republic. A republic in the West Indies occupying the eastern and larger part of the island of Haiti (q.v. ) , with an estimated area of over 18,000 square miles (Map: West Indies, 51 5). Through the centre of the western part of Santo Domingo extend the Cordilleras del Cibao, which form the backbone of the island. Through the eastern part stretches the Muertos range. Though mountainous, the whole region, which is richly forested, lends itself readily to tillage. The numerous small plains are traversed by navigable rivers, and are unsurpassed for fertil- ity. The principal product is sugar, which is cultivated on extensive plantations, but largely by foreign capitalists. Cacao, cofl'ee, and bananas are also grown extensively, and there are valu- able forests of mahogany. Of late there has been some attempt to increase the cotton output, and American capital has been invested in the exploitation of the rich mineral resources, which comprise iron, gold, copper, coal, salt, and a few other minerals. The commerce is very small, considering the vast natural resources of the Republic. The im- ports were .$2,240,000 in 1897 and .$2,986,921 in 1901. and the exports $3,568,000 in 1897 and $5,224,000 in 1901. The chief exports are sugar, cacao, coffee, mahogany, tobacco, bananas, and an- imal products. Over 60 per cent, of the trade is with the United States. The chief ports are Santo Domingo, Sanchez, and Puerto Plata. The comnuniication and transportation facilities are utterly inadequate. There are altogether about 130 miles of railway lines connecting the ports of Sanchez and Puerto Plata with the interior. The Constitution of Santo Domingo, adopted in 1844, and repeatedly modified since then, pro- vides for a President elected indirectly for four years and assisted by an appointed Cabinet. The legislative power is vested in a National Congress consisting of twenty-four deputies, elected for two years, by restricted suffrage. The governors of the provinces, the prefects, and magistrates are appointed by the President. The finances of the Republic are in a deplorable state. The revenue is derived almost exclusively from customs du- ties, and the budget balances at something over $2,000,000. The foreign debt amounted in 1902 to over $18,900,000 and the internal debt to $2,- 845,550 gold and $10,126,629 silver. The .stan- dard of value is the gold dollar of the United States, adopted in 1897, but the actual circula- tion is composed of depreciated paper and debased silver. The Roman Catholic religion is recog- nized by the State. Primary instruction i.s ob- ligatory and gratuitous, and a number of second- ary schools arc maintained by the State. The Republic maintains a small standing army and a navy of three snuill gunboats. The population, estimated at 500,000, is com]iosed principally of a. mi.ed race of Spanish and aborigines, niulat- toes and negroes. Tlic |uedominating language is Spanish. The capital is Santo Domingo. Hlstokv. The history <if Santo l)(pmingo forms a part of that of Haiti (q.v.) till 1844. In February of that year the inhabitants of the Spanish part of the island proclaimed their in- dependence under the Icadersliip of Don Pedro Santana, who became first President of the Do- minican Republic. He was followed in 1848 by the Creole .Jimenez, whose weak rule invited iin at- tack by Faustin 1. (Soulouque). Emperor of Haiti. Santana was made dictator and defeated Faustin at Ocoa, April 21, 1849. .Another at- tempt by the Haitian ruler in the following year met with a like result. Buenaventura Baez, who was chosen President in 1849, was succeeded in 1853 b_v his rival Santana, who held power till 1856, in which year he repelled a third invasion from Haiti. He was succeeded by Baez, but in 1858 he regained power and ruled absolutely until 1861. In that year he proclaimed the annexation of Santo Domingo to Spain, and his action was at first acquiesced in by the people. The harshness of the Spanish rule, however, led to an insurrection in 1863, headed by .los*^ Maria Cabral, who in December, 1864, defeated the roy- alist forces near La Ganela. In May, 18li5. Spain acknowledged the independence of the Republic. Baez was chosen President, but was driven out in 1806 and was succeeded by Cabral. The latter in turn had to flee in 1868, and Baez once more held power till 1873. During his administration occurred the negotiations with the United States looking toward the annexation of Santo Domingo, a favorite project with certain politicians in the L'nited States since the early forties. During the early part of President Grant's administration. General O. E. Babcock was sent by the Presi- dent to inquire into the conditions of the island and its resources. While there he negotiated a treaty of annexation (November 29, 1809), by which, on payment by this Government of $1.1.50.- 000. the Dominican Republic was to become part of the ITnited States. The treaty was ratified by the Dominican people, but met with bitter o|)po- sition in the United States Senate, and was finally rejected by a tie vote. A Congressional commission visited the island in 1871 and pre- sented an exhaustive report entirely favorable to annexation. It was laid before Congress by the President, but no action was taken upon it. The Dominican Government renewed its over- tures in 1874, but met with no success. After the Presidency of Gonzales (1873-79) there came a period of disturbed politics. In 1884 Ulisse Heureaux was chosen President, and after two years again obtained office. He ruled with reso-