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SAYCE. 612 SCAXA. pins of the East (1884) ; Asayiia (1835) ; the Hibbert Lectuits on Jiabyloiiian Ucligiuii (1887): The h'uccs of the Old Teslamcnt (IS'.U): The Higher Critieism and the Verdict of the Moiiiiments (1894) ; Patriarchal Palestine (1895). He also edited the Records of the Past, 2d series (1888-92). SAYRE, sftr. A borough in Bradford County, Pa.. ,■)!• miles northwest of Scranton. on the Sus- quehanna River, and at the terminus of a divi- sion of the Lehigh Valley Railroad (Maj): Penn- sylvania. E 2). It has the R. -V. Pael<er Hospital. There are shops of the Lehigh alley Railroad, wheel and foundry works, metal works, a picture-frame factory, a foundry, and manu- factories of various iron ]>roducts. Sayre was settled in 1840. and received its present charter in isnl. Population, in 1900, 5243. SAYRE, Lewis Albert (1820-1900). An American surgeon, born at JIadison, N. J. lie graduated at tlic College of Pliysieians and Sur- geons in New York in "1842, and during the fol- lowing ten years was prosector in surgery there. He was also for many years connected with Bellevue Hospital and "the" Charity Hospital on Blackwell's Island. He published Practical Man- ual of the Treatment of Club-Foot ; Lectures on Ortho/Hidic Surgery; and Spinal Curvature and Jt.i Tn<itmrnt. SAYRE, Stei'IIEN (1734-1818). An Ameri- can adventurer, born on Long Island. He was educated at the College of New Jersey, and after engaging in various pursuits went to London, where, in 1774, during the Wilkes excitement, he was elected a sherifl'. Soon afterwards he was committed to the Tower on a charge of plotting to overturn the Government, but five days later was discliarged on a writ of habeas corpus. Dur- ing the Revolutionary War he made himself con- spicuous in the capitals of Northern Europe by his activity .in behalf of the United States, though he was entirely without authorization from the American Government except during a brief period when he was secretary to Artluir Lee (q.v.) in Berlin. His claims for renuinera- tion for these services were repeatedly refused by Congress until 1807, when it allowed him a certain sum for his services in Berlin. In 1795 he became a violent opponent of Washington's administration and was especially bitter in at- tacking the .Tav Trentv. SCAD (probal)ly a variant of shad; less plaus- ibly explained as from Ir., Ciael. sgadan. herring). Any of several fishes of the family Carangidie, or horse-mackerels; especially a small species {Trachurus trachrirus) , rare in America, but numerous and valuable on the southern coast of Europe. It is a foot long, and greenish, with silvery sides aiul a dusky opercular spot. ( See Plate' of Horse-JIackerels, etc.) The name is also applied to species of other genera of the family, especially to a small similar fish, the nuckcrcl-scad (Decapterus punctalus) , conunou along the eastern American coast, and especially about the 'est Indies, where also is a second species. Other names for them are 'antonino,' 'cigai--fish,' 'round-robin,' and 'quia-quia,' SC-ffiVOLA,. sev'6-la, Gaius Mucius. See POKSKNA. SCALA, skii'lii, della. The name of an Ital- ian family, whose seat was Verona, of which place the CJhibelline Mastino della Scala was elected podcstu in 1260. He became perpetual captain of the city and Imperial vicar, and was assassinated in 1277. His successors, Alberto (d. 1301), Bartholomew (d. 1304), and Alboino (d. 1311), extended the inrtuenee of the family. The greatest of the family was Can Francesco, or Can Grande, as he was called (1291-1329), who filled his Court with sculptors and poets, preeminent among whom stands Dante, who eulogizes his patron in glowing terms in the ■ Paradiso. He was a friend of Henry of Lux- emburg, who appointed him Imperial vicar and head of the Ghibelline League of Lombardy. He carried on a bitter warfare with Padua and ex- tended his power over Este, Cremona, Monselice, Feltre, Viepnza, and Treviso. Under Mastino II. (d. 1351) the family declined in inlluence, and in 1387 Verona came under the dominion of the Visconti. SCABBARD FISH. Frost-Fisu. See CuTLASS-FlsH ; SCABIES. See Itch; Mange. SCABIOUS (OF., Fr. scalieuse, from JIL. scuhi(jsii. fem. sg. of Lat. scabiosus. rough, scaly, from scabies, scurf, scab ; so called because re- garded as a remedy for skin diseases), Scabiosa. A genus of herbs of the natural order Dipsa- caceip, natives of the Eastern Hemisphere. The flowers are collected in terminal beads, sur- rounded by a many-leaved involucre, w'hich re- sembles the head of a species of Compositce. The devil's-bit scabious (Scabiosa Succisa), com- mon in European pastures, is astringent and was formerly in medicinal repute in skin eruptions. The root is very abruptly pointed, on which ac- count Middle Age superstition regarded it as bitten off by the devil, out of envy, because of its usefulness to mankind. BCABI0U8 (Sc&Mosa Succisa). SCALA, La (It., the staircase). A famous theatre in Milan, Italy, built in 1778, next in size to the San Carlo Theatre at Naples, and holding 3600 spectators.