Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/679

SAY. 611 SAYCE. tiate a treaty of commerce, but failed. . larjje part of the remainder of liis life was spent in one House or the other of the French Legislature. Say wa.s a very prolific writer on financial sub- jects. A comprehensive Dictioniuiirc dcs fuiaiwcs, a standard authority ipon French financial prac- tice and history, was published under his super- vision. His work, Lcs fiixinccs dc la France (ISS.'i), in four volumes, gathers together his various expositions of financial qviestions arising during a long parliamentary career. He wrote also: Hisloire dc hi caisse d'cscomptc (1848); liripiiort sur Ic jKnicnieiit dc riiidiuniilr ilr iiiicrre (1874) ; Les sohilions d^mocratiqucs dc la ques- tion d'impofs (1886); Turcot (1887); David lluiiic (1888); Cobdcn (18oi). SAY, Thomas (1787-1834). An American zoologist, born in Philadelphia. In 1812 he be- came one of the founders of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia and its first curator. In 1818 he took part in a scientific exploration of Georgia and Florida, and in 1819- 20 he was zoologist to Long's expedition to the Rockj' Mountains. Say was a collector of insects and mollusks, and his works describing them were the beginnings of the sciences of entomologj' and conchology in America. His larger works were: Vocabularies of Indian Languages (1822); American Enlomology (1824-28); American Conchologtj (1830-34). He became interested in, and after 1825 a member of the Socialistic community at New Harmony, Ind., where he died. SAYAN. See Chat Root. SAYANA, sil'ya-na (?-1387). A Sanskrit commentator, who flourished at the courts of Sangama II. and Harihara II., kings of Vijay- anagara, the modern Hampi on the Tungabnadra, in the Bellary district of Sladras. He terms himself also the teacher and minister of Bukka I. (1379-99) of the same line. Between 1331 and 1386 Sayana was abbot of the monastery of Sringiri. Although few details of his life are known, it is clear that he belonged to a family of importance both in political and in religious circles. By far the most im])ortant work of Sayana was his commentary on the Kig-Veda. Internal evidence shows that this, like several other connnentaries ascribed to him, was only partly his, and that his incompleted work was finished by the school of commentators which he founded. The varjing estimates given to this gloss have formed one of the hardest problems of Vedie interpretation. (See Veda.) The 'tra- ditional' school accepted Sayana as its guide. Herein the 'traditionalists' were in sharp con- flict with the 'linguistic' or philological school. The safest plan seems to be a combination of the two methods, so that the results of comparative philology and of tradition serve as a mutual check. This commentary has been admirably edited by Max Miiller in his Rig-Veda-Hamhita (2d ed., 4 vols., Oxford, 1890-92). Besides this there is a long list of works attributed either to Sayana or to his brother Madhava, who was also called Vidyaranya. In his commentaries he devoted himself almost exclusively to texts of the Vedas, Brahmanas, Upanishads, and other early religious texts. Comparatively few of his works have been published, although his commentary on the Atharva is printed in an edition of this Veda by Pandit (Bombay, 1895), that on the Aitarcya Aranyaka by Agnse (Poona, 1896), on the Sfima VCda by Sanuisrami (t'iilcutta, 1874- 70), on the Tandi/a MahahrCihmana by Vedanta- vagisa (ib., 1869-74), on the Varniiiliri'iUnianii by Burncll (Mangalorc, 1873), on the Taillirh/a AraiiyaKa and on the Taittir'uja lirahmtina, by Apte (Poona, 1897-98). A list of llie work* attributed to Sayana is given by Aufrccht, Vata- logus I'tilaliiiiuruni (Leipzig, 1891-1903). SAY'BROOK. A town in .Middlesex County, Conn., 19 miles west by south of New Londim, on the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (Map: Connecticut, F4). Populalion, in 1900, 1G34. In 1635 a small fort was built in what is now Old Saybrook. ami during the Pequot War was commanded by Lion (iardiner. In 1639 George Fenwick, as agent for the Con- necticut patentees, settled here and named the place in honor of Lord Say and Scle and Lord Brooke, the two most influential men in the com- pany represented by him. For six years Saylirook was an independent colony, but in Dcccniber, 1044, Fenwick ceded the settlement and the land in ita vicinity to the Connecticut ctdoiiy, receiving in return, for ten years, the proceeds from taxes levied on the domestic trade in beaver, and from a tax levied on live .stock, and duties collected on such corn and biscuit as were carricil out of the river. The amount thus paid lias been esti- mated at £1600. Saj'brook was the early home of Yale College, which remained here until removed to New Haven in 1716. In 1708 the celebrated Saybrook Platform, for Church govermncnt, was adopted here. Saybrook formerly included the towns of Old Saybrook, Westbrook, Esse.K, Ches- ter, and part of Lynn. SAYBROOK PLATFORM. A name given to certain articles adopted by a synod consisting of twelve ministers and four laymen, represent- ing the churches of Connecticut, which met at Saybrook, September 9, 1708. The articiles pro- vided that the churches of the colony should be grouped in 'consociations' or standing councils, by which questions of discipline and cliurch mat- ters such as the installation and dismissal of ministers should be decided. Ministers were grouped in associations and an annual 'general association' was provided. The articles were ap- proved by the Legislature and carried into ctTect in 1709. They remained the legally recognized standard till 1784. SAYCE^ sas, Archibald Henry (1840—). An English Orientalist. He was born at Shire- hampton, and graduated at Queen's College. Ox- ford, where he became fellow in 1869. Fnuu 1874 to 1884 he was a member of the Old Testa- ment Company of the Bible Revision Conunittee. From 1876 to 1890 he was deputy jjrofessor of comparative philologj' at Oxford and became professor of Assyriology in 1891. Professor Sayee is an exceedingly fertile writer, whose aetivity covers a large range of subjects — Assyriology, Oriental history, biblical criticism, the Hittites, comparative philology, and general arcba'olog^'. Through his popular books lie has become widely known to the general public. Among his works may be mentioned: An As- syrian Grammar for Comparatirc Purposes (1872); The Principles of Comparalire Philol- oqi (1874); Introduction to the Science of Language (1879; 4th ed. 1900); The Monu- ments of the Hittites (1881) ; The Ancient Em-