Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/699

SCHEELE. 631 SCHEINER. the form of memoirs, to the Academy of Stock- holm, of which he was an associate. A com- plete edition of his works was ])ul)lished by Hermbstjidt (Berlin. 1793). Consult: Hays, The Life Worlc of Carl Wilhelm Schecle (Xew York, 18S4I: Cap, Sclirrlc. chimiste sui'dois (Paris, 1803) : Thorpe, "Scheele," in Xature for 1892 : XordenskjGlil. Xachf/cla.isciic Jiricfe mid Auf^ricliiiiiinirn von Carl Wilhclm Scheele (Stockholm, 1892). SCHEELE, Kntt Henxixg Gezelh-s tox (1838 — 1. A Swedish Lutheran theologian, Ixn-n in Stockholm and educated at Upsala. There he became docent in 1803 and professor in 1879, and in 1885 was mad° Bishop of Wisby. In 1893, on the tercentenary of the Upsala decree, he was the Kinfi's representative to the United States, and in 1901 represented his university and nation at the Yale Bicentennial. His works on theologi- cal symbolics (1SS.5) and on the Church Cate- chism ( 1880) were published in Cierman versions. SCHEELITE (named in honor of Carl Scliccle. who first discovered tungstic acid in the mineral 1 . A mineral calcium tungstate crystal- lized in the tetragonal system. It has a vitreous lustre, and runs in color from white, through yellow, to red and green. It occurs with crystal- line rocks, tin ores, and various tungsten min- erals, and is found in Bohemia. Saxony, the Tyrol, Hungary. Chile, and in the United States at va- rious localities in Connecticut, North Carolina, Nevada, and Colorado. It finds some use in the manufacture of tungstic acid, especially as the metal tungsten is being more and more employed in the manufacture of steel. Its use has also been suggested in the preparation of glazes for porcelain, but without great success. SCHEFER, shu'far', Charles (1820-98). A I'rancp. and from 1857 to 1859 was librarian at Donaueschingen. In 1804 be settled ])ermaiiently at Karlsruhe. His first book, Ihr Trumiiilrr von .SVu7.iH,(Kii, was written at Capri and Sor- rento in 1852, and is the most popular (lernian epie of the century; it i.s half playful, half nielancholy, wholly romantic, and with the real- ism of fond memories. His historical novel El.k-ehard. written at Saint Gall and Heidelberg (1854-55), and based on systematic investigation, is a blending of history and |joetry. vivid and faithfully picturesque. Soon afterw'anls be pub- lished <iiiinl<(imus. a collection of student-songs. After 1857 Seheft'el's health began to give way and bis spirits with it. His later poeni.s, tales, and novels, Fran Aientiurc (1803). ./iniipmis (1881),/)(r Ileini ron .SVcier and Hiigid^-o( 1884), never attained the popularity of his earlier works. SCHEF'FER, Fr. pron. sheffar', Ary (1795- 1858). A Frencli painter of the romantic school. He was born at Dordrecht. Holland, Tebruary 12, 1795. He studied drawing at Lille and iii 1811 went to Paris, where, in the stu<lio of (iufrin, he had Cericault and Delacroi. for fel- low students, and with them defied the ultra- classical teachings of Guerin. He preserved his connection with the new romantic movement in the expression of sentiment, but in execution he aimed more for purity of form. The three classes of subjects aft'ected by him serve in a general way to divide his" life into three periods. His attention was first attracted to scenes from real life, in the depiction of which he showed his svmpathv with sull'ering. like '-The Soldier's W'idow" " ( 1821 ) ; '-Death of Gerieault" (1824), now in the Louvre; "Orphans at the Tomb of Their Mother" ( 1824) French diplomat and Orientalist, borii in Paris "Tlif f^i'l'ote Women" ( 1827) . His second period and educated at the Eeole Spe^iale des Langues Orientales Vivantes. He entered the Foreign Ofliice and served as dragoman in Jerusalem, Smyrna. Alexandria, and Constantinople. In 1857 he became professor of Persian in Paris, succeeding Quatremfre; and ten years afterwards became president of the Ecole Speciale des Langues Orientales Vivantes. whence, after more important service in the East in 1800 and 1802. he was transferred to the Coll&ge de France. Sehefer edited many Persian te.xts and a Persian chrestomathy (1883-85), and edited and trans- lated into French a great mass of material bear- ing on the history and early exploration of Cen- tral Asia, the most important of which was included in the Kccueil de voyages et de docii- menls pour servir a I'histoirc de geopraphie (with Cordier. 1882-97). His collection of manuscripts is in the Biblioth&que Xationale. SCHEFER, sha'f:-r. Leopold (17S4-1862). A Cierman poet and novelist, born at Muskau. His works include: Vigilien ( 1842) ; Gedichte ( 1840) ; the didactic and religious Laienbrevier (1834), one of his best works; Weltpriester (1840) : Hafis in Hellas (1853). Some of his novels are Kleine Itomanc (1837-39). Graf Promnitz (1842), and Aehfzihn Tochter (1847). SCHEF'FEL, Joseph Viktor von (1820-80). A fJernian poet and novelist, born at Karlsruhe, February 10, 1820. He studied law, philology, and literature at Heidellierg, JIunich, and Berlin, served jidicially at Siickingen (1850) and Brucli- sal (1852), traveled in Italy, Switzerland, and shows him absorbed in ideal scenes drawn from the works of Goethe and Schiller, Byron and Dante. Among these are "Count Kberliard," in the Louvre; the "Submission of Wittckind" an<l the "Battle of Ziilpieh," in the ^■ersailles Mu- seum. In 1830 he painted the first of his series dealing with Marguerite. To this subject he frequcntl.v returned, the final one of the series, ".Marguerite at the Fountain." being painted in 1858. The third period, characterized by his re- ligious subjects, is not distinctly marked off from the second, for he began the religious pic- tures with the "Christus Consolator"( 1837 ) . now in the Aluseum Fodor, Amsterdam, .ftcr 1840 he was largel.v occupied with sacred themes and reached his highest achievement in "Clirisf Weep- ing Over Jerusalem," "Christ Tempted of S:itan," and the "Christ of the Reed." The taste of recent years has deprived SchelTer of the high place he once occujiicd when the illustrative qualities of art were more in favor. Consult: His Life by Jlrs. Grote (London, 1800) ; Im-Tliiirn ( NTmcs, 1870) ; and Vitet, Ary Schef- fer Album (Berlin, 1801). SCHEF'FLER, Jon.xx. A German poet. See Axc.KHS Silesits. SCHEHE'RAZADE. In the Arabian Mghts, the wife of Schahriah. Sultan of India, to whom she relates a storv each night for a thousand and one nights, and by exciting his interest escapes the usual fate of his wives. SCHEINER, shf'ner. Ciiristoph (e.l575- 1050). A German astronomer, born at Wald, in