SCHWARZENBEBG. 678 SCHWEINFURT. of tlie Govenuiuiit in Vi<imn in Xnvonilior, ls48, <iii|">M'(I till" German nntionalist plans ailvoeatcil nt Frankfort, aWtanuil the aid nf liussia to sup- press tlie llini'.'arian risin;;. and followed the poliev of Metternich in opposing Prussia. He died "in Vienna April 5, 1852. Consult Berger, Lthi'ii fits rUisteii Felix zti Scliwarzcnbcrg (Leip- zig, ls.">'i; Vienna, 1S81). SCHWAKZWALD, slivarts'viilt. The Ger- man name of the lilaek Forest (q.v.). SCHWATKA. slnvot'kA, Frederick (1849- 92). .
Anieriean explorer, born at Galena,
111. lie jiraduated at A'pst Point in 1871. was commissioned seeond lieutenant, and served on garrison and frontier duty until 1877. During his arniv life he studied both law and niedieine, was admitted to the Nebraska bar in 1875, a^id received his medical degree in Xew York in 1870. In 1878 he obtained leave of absence froin the War Department, and conducted, with W. H. Gilder, the final land search for traces of the Franklin expedition. Wintering (1878-79) among the Eskimos near Chesterfield Inlet, Hud- son Bay, he set out in April, 1879, with four whites," fourteen Kskinios. and abundant ammu- nition, for the northern edge of tbe continent. He explored minutely the continental coast line to Point Seaforth. crossed Simpson Strait to King William Land, and thoroughly searched the region traversed by Franklin's retreating party. During three months on King William Land Schwatka found four despoiled graves, six un- buried skeletons, and many relics of the ill-fated expedition. The journey was one of the most remarkable in the history of Arctic sledging and made Schwatka famous. In the 355 days dur- ing which he was absent from his base of sup- plies he traveled 2819 geographical miles, de- pending for food upon the game he killed. In 1883 he explored the course of tbe Yukon River, Alaska. He resigned his commission in the army in 1885, and in the following year made an unsuc- cessful attempt to ascend ilount Saint Elias. In 1889 he engaged in exploring work in ilexico. He received the Roquette Arctic Jledal from the Geographical Society of Paris, and the medal of the Imperial Geographical Society of Russia. His great Arctic journey was described by Colonel Gilder in !<chiriitk<i's fyearch (New Y'ork, 1881) ; also in The Frnnktin Search, Under Lieutenant Sehicalica (1881). His own writings were .l?o«(7 Alaslca's (Ireat Hirer (1885): yimrorl in Die yorth (1885) : Chihlren of the Cold (188G) ; and many articles contributed to geographical and other publications. SCHWEGLER, shvaKler, Albert (1819-57). A tJerman theologian and writer on the history of ]diilosophy. He was born at Michelbaeli. in Wiirttemberg, studied theology at the University of Tiibingen, and was appointed professor there of classical philology in 1848. In theology and criticism he was of the 'Tubingen school.' In 1844 he started the Jahrhiicher der Gegenwart. He published an annotated edition and transla- tion of Aristotle's Metdiihi/sics (1844-48); Der Montanismiis iind die christliehe . Eirehe des zieeiten Jahrhunderts (1841); Dns naeh-npns- tolinche ZeituUer (1846); Geschiehte der Philo- sophie (1848: Eng. trans, by .1. H. Seehe, New York, 1856, and by J. H. Stirling, London. 2d ed., 1868) ; Romische Oeschiclite (1853-58; 2d ed. 1867-73). His deschiehlc Jo- iiricchischcn Philo- Sophie was published after his death (1859), SCHWEIDNITZ, shvid'nits. A town in the I'rovince of Silesia, Prussia, on the eistritz,
- >1 miles southwest of Breslau (Map: Prussia,
G 3). Its ancient fortifications have been re- placed by promenades. The manufactures in- clude woolens, leather, machinery, furniture, gloves, cigars, and organs. There are important cattle and grain markets. Schweidnitz was founded in the eleventh century, and received municipal privileges in 1250. It was formerly the capital of the Principality of Schweidnitz. Popu- lation, in 1900. 28.432. SCHWEIGER - LERCHENFELD, ler'Kcn- felt, Amaxd, Baron von ( 1S4U — ). An Austrian traveler and writer, born in Vienna. He served in the army from 1805 to 1871. then set out on extensive travels, which he described in numerous popular works, and made Vienna his usual resi- dence. A partial list of his writings includes: Unter deni Ealbmond (1876); Bosnien (2d ed. 1879) ; Serail und Hohe Pforte (anon., 1879) : Das Franenlehen der Erde (1881); Der Orient (1882) ; Griechenland in Wort und liihl (1882) ; Das eiserne Jahrhundert (1883) ; Vcm Ozean zw Ozean (1884); Die Araher der Oegenwurt (1885); Das Mittelmeer (1888); Die Erde in h'tirten und Bilderyi. (1889) ; Unterweffs, travel- ing pictures (1891-95) ; Die Donau (1895) ; Im Landr der Ci/elopen (1899) ; Das neiie Bueh von der ^Vrlt|lO.':f (1901). SCHWEIGGER, shvl'ger, .Iohann Salomo Chri.stopii (1779-1857). A CJerman physicist, born and educated in Erlangen. There he be- came docent in 1800, and, after teaching at Bay- reuth (1803-11), and at the Nuremberg Poly- technic, returned to Erlangen as professor of physics and chemistry in 18l7. Two years later he went to Halle. Schweigger devised an electro- meter in 1808, and in 1820 invented the glavano- meter (q.v.). in which lie made use of Oersted's discovery of the efl'ect of a current in a magnetic needle by surrounding the latter with a number of turns of the wire carrying the current. He founded the Journnl fiir Chentic und Physik. SCHWEIGGER, Karl (1830—). A German oplitlialniologist. son of the preceding. He was born in Halle, studied there, at Erlangen, and Wiirzburg. and went to Berlin as assistant to Griife (1858-65). From 1868 to 1871 he was professor in Gottingen, and then succeeded Griife in Berlin. He edited the Arehiv fiir An(ienheilkunde (1881 et seq.), published a chart of optical tests (1876; 3d ed. 1895). and wrote a Handhuch der speziellen Au(jenheill;unde (1871). which passed through several editions. SCHWEINFURT, shvin'foort. A town in Lower Franconia. Bavaria, on the ilain, 28 miles by rail northeast of Wiirzburg (Map: Cier- many, D 3). The sixteenth-century town hall contains a library and a museum of his- tory and art. Schweinfurt is noted for its manufactures of dyes, including the well-known Schweinfurt green.. ^lachinery. ball-bearings, engines, shoes, sugar, and tobacco are among its numerous products. There are important cattle, sheep, and swine markets. SchAveinfurt, first mentioned in 791. became a free Imperial city in the twelfth century. It passed to Ba- varia in 1803. Population," in 1900, 15,295.
